如何在 CentOS 7 用 cPanel 配置 Nginx 反向代理

Nginx 是最快和最强大的 Web 服务器之一，以其高性能和低资源占用率而闻名。它既可以被安装为一个独立的 Web 服务器，也可以安装成反向代理 Web 服务器。在这篇文章，我将讨论在安装了 cPanel 管理系统的 Centos 7 服务器上安装 Nginx 作为 Apache 的反向代理服务器。

Nginx 作为前端服务器用反向代理为静态文件提供服务，Apache 作为后端为动态文件提供服务。这个设置将整体提高服务器的性能。

让我们过一遍在已经安装好 cPanel 11.52 的 CentOS 7 x86_64 服务器上配置 Nginx 作为反向代理的安装过程。

首先，我们需要安装 EPEL 库来启动这个进程

第一步: 安装 EPEL 库

1. root@server1 [/usr]# yum -y install epel-release
2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, tsflags, universal-hooks
3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
4. * EA4: 66.23.237.210
5. * base: mirrors.linode.com
6. * extras: mirrors.linode.com
7. * updates: mirrors.linode.com
8. Resolving Dependencies
9. --> Running transaction check
10. ---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-5 will be installed
11. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
13. Dependencies Resolved
15. ========================================================================================
16. Package Arch Version Repository Size
17. ========================================================================================
18. Installing:
19. epel-release noarch 7-5 extras 14 k

第二步: 可以安装 nDeploy 的 CentOS RPM 库来安装我们所需的 nDeploy Web 类软件和 Nginx 插件

1. root@server1 [/usr]# yum -y install http://rpm.piserve.com/nDeploy-release-centos-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, tsflags, universal-hooks
3. nDeploy-release-centos-1.0-1.noarch.rpm | 1.7 kB 00:00:00
4. Examining /var/tmp/yum-root-ei5tWJ/nDeploy-release-centos-1.0-1.noarch.rpm: nDeploy-release-centos-1.0-1.noarch
5. Marking /var/tmp/yum-root-ei5tWJ/nDeploy-release-centos-1.0-1.noarch.rpm to be installed
6. Resolving Dependencies
7. --> Running transaction check
8. ---> Package nDeploy-release-centos.noarch 0:1.0-1 will be installed
9. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
11. Dependencies Resolved
13. ========================================================================================
14. Package Arch Version Repository Size
15. ========================================================================================
16. Installing:
17. nDeploy-release-centos noarch 1.0-1 /nDeploy-release-centos-1.0-1.noarch 110

第三步：安装 nDeploy 和 Nginx nDeploy 插件

1. root@server1 [/usr]# yum --enablerepo=ndeploy install nginx-nDeploy nDeploy
2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, tsflags, universal-hooks
3. epel/x86_64/metalink | 9.9 kB 00:00:00
4. epel | 4.3 kB 00:00:00
5. ndeploy | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
6. (1/4): ndeploy/7/x86_64/primary_db | 14 kB 00:00:00
7. (2/4): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 169 kB 00:00:00
8. (3/4): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 3.7 MB 00:00:02
10. Dependencies Resolved
12. ========================================================================================
13. Package Arch Version Repository Size
14. ========================================================================================
15. Installing:
16. nDeploy noarch 2.0-11.el7 ndeploy 80 k
17. nginx-nDeploy x86_64 1.8.0-34.el7 ndeploy 36 M
18. Installing for dependencies:
19. PyYAML x86_64 3.10-11.el7 base 153 k
20. libevent x86_64 2.0.21-4.el7 base 214 k
21. memcached x86_64 1.4.15-9.el7 base 84 k
22. python-inotify noarch 0.9.4-4.el7 base 49 k
23. python-lxml x86_64 3.2.1-4.el7 base 758 k
25. Transaction Summary
26. ========================================================================================
27. Install 2 Packages (+5 Dependent packages)

通过以上这些步骤，我们完成了在我们的服务器上 Nginx 插件的安装。现在我们可以配置 Nginx 作为反向代理和为已有的 cPanel 用户账户创建虚拟主机，为此我们可以运行如下脚本。

第四步：启动 Nginx 作为默认的前端 Web 服务器，并创建默认的配置文件

1. root@server1 [/usr]# /opt/nDeploy/scripts/cpanel-nDeploy-setup.sh enable
2. Modifying apache http and https port in cpanel
4. httpd restarted successfully.
5. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
6. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ndeploy_watcher.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ndeploy_watcher.service.
7. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ndeploy_backends.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ndeploy_backends.service.
8. ConfGen:: saheetha
9. ConfGen:: satest

你可以看到这个脚本将修改 Apache 的端口从 80 到另一个端口来让 Nginx 作为前端 Web 服务器，并为现有的 cPanel 用户创建虚拟主机配置文件。一旦完成，确认 Apache 和 Nginx 的状态。

Apache 状态：

1. root@server1 [/var/run/httpd]# systemctl status httpd
2. ● httpd.service - Apache Web Server
3. Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
4. Active: active (running) since Mon 2016-01-18 06:34:23 UTC; 12s ago
5. Process: 25606 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/apachectl start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
6. Main PID: 24760 (httpd)
7. CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
8. ‣ 24760 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
10. Jan 18 06:34:23 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting Apache Web Server...
11. Jan 18 06:34:23 server1.centos7-test.com apachectl[25606]: httpd (pid 24760) already running
12. Jan 18 06:34:23 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started Apache Web Server.

Nginx 状态：

1. root@server1 [~]# systemctl status nginx
2. ● nginx.service - nginx-nDeploy - high performance web server
3. Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
4. Active: active (running) since Sun 2016-01-17 17:18:29 UTC; 13h ago
5. Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
6. Main PID: 3833 (nginx)
7. CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
8. ├─ 3833 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
9. ├─25473 nginx: worker process
10. ├─25474 nginx: worker process
11. └─25475 nginx: cache manager process
13. Jan 17 17:18:29 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Starting nginx-nDeploy - high performance web server...
14. Jan 17 17:18:29 server1.centos7-test.com nginx[3804]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
15. Jan 17 17:18:29 server1.centos7-test.com nginx[3804]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
16. Jan 17 17:18:29 server1.centos7-test.com systemd[1]: Started nginx-nDeploy - high performance web server.

Nginx 作为前端服务器运行在 80 端口，Apache 配置被更改为监听 http 端口 9999 和 https 端口 4430。请看他们的情况：

1. root@server1 [/usr/local/src]# netstat -plan | grep httpd
2. tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4430 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17270/httpd
3. tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9999 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17270/httpd
4. tcp6 0 0 :::4430 :::* LISTEN 17270/httpd
5. tcp6 0 0 :::9999 :::* LISTEN 17270/httpd

apacheport

1. root@server1 [/usr/local/src]# netstat -plan | grep nginx
2. tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17802/nginx: master
3. tcp 0 0 45.79.183.73:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17802/nginx: master

为已有用户创建的虚拟主机的配置文件在 “/etc/nginx/sites-enabled”。 这个文件路径包含了 Nginx 主要配置文件。

1. root@server1 [/etc/nginx/sites-enabled]# ll | grep .conf
2. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 311 Jan 17 09:02 saheetha.com.conf
3. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 336 Jan 17 09:02 saheethastest.com.conf

一个域名的示例虚拟主机：

1. server {
3. listen 45.79.183.73:80;
4. #CPIPVSIX:80;
6. # ServerNames
7. server_name saheetha.com www.saheetha.com;
8. access_log /usr/local/apache/domlogs/saheetha.com main;
9. access_log /usr/local/apache/domlogs/saheetha.com-bytes_log bytes_log;
11. include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/saheetha.com.include;
13. }

我们可以启动浏览器查看网站来确定 Web 服务器的工作状态。安装后，请阅读服务器上的 web 服务信息。

1. root@server1 [/home]# ip a | grep -i eth0
2. 3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
3. inet 45.79.183.73/24 brd 45.79.183.255 scope global dynamic eth0
4. root@server1 [/home]# nginx -v
5. nginx version: nginx/1.8.0

webserver-status

Nginx 将会为任何最新在 cPanel 中创建的账户创建虚拟主机。通过这些简单的的步骤，我们能够在一台 CentOS 7 / cPanel 的服务器上配置 Nginx 作为反向代理。

Nginx 作为反向代理的优势

1. 便于安装和配置。
2. 效率高、性能好。
3. 防止 Ddos 攻击。
4. 支持使用 .htaccess 作为 PHP 的重写规则。

原文发布时间为：2016-09-07

本文来自云栖社区合作伙伴“Linux中国”