linux下samba共享服务器介绍与配置-阿里云开发者社区

关于Samba

–SMB/CIFS协议

– Server Message Block ，服务消息块

– Common Internet File System ，通用网际文件系统

Samba服务基础

主要软件包

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -qa | grep samba

samba-common-3.0.33-3.39.el5_8 //公共程序

samba-3.0.33-3.39.el5_8 //服务端程序

samba-client-3.0.33-3.39.el5_8 //客户端程序

samba-swat-3.0.33-3.39.el5_8 //Web管理后台

主要程序

–smbd ：提供对文件、打印资源的共享访问

监听端口 TCP 139 、 TCP445

–nmbd ：提供基于NetBios协议的主机名解析

监听端口 UDP137 、UDP138

系统服务脚本

– /etc/init.d/smb

配置目录及主要配置文件

– /etc/samba/

– /etc/samba/smb.conf

配置文件检查工具

– testparm

实验拓扑

Linux Client

—–RHEL5.9（vmnet1）———-（vmnet1）

Win7 Client

实验一：Samba匿名共享

将目录 /usr/src 共享给所有人

共享名设为 tools

允许所有人访问、无需密码验证

访问权限为只读

1、[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q samba-client samba samba-common

samba-client-3.0.33-3.39.el5_8

samba-3.0.33-3.39.el5_8

samba-common-3.0.33-3.39.el5_8

2、修改主配置文件

workgroup = pengpeng //工作组名称

server string = Samba Server Version %v //服务器描述

...

log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log //日志路径，%m 对应客户机地址

...

max log size = 50 //最大日志容量

...

security = share //默认使用的安全级别（user、share、server、domain）

...

load printers = no //屏蔽共享时看到的打印图标

[tools] //共享名称

comment = tools public //共享描述

path = /usr/src //共享目录的实际位置

public= yes //是否所有人可用

browseable=yes //是否隐藏

read only = yes //只读

3、启动服务

首先检查配置

[root@localhost ~]# testparm //检查配置命令

Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf

Processing section "[homes]"

Processing section "[printers]"

Processing section "[tools]"

Loaded services file OK.

Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE

Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions //按回车查看配置信息

[global] //全局配置

workgroup = PENGPENG

server string = Samba Server Version %v

security = SHARE

passdb backend = tdbsam

load printers = No

cups options = raw

[homes]

comment = Home Directories

read only = No

browseable = No

[printers]

comment = All Printers

path = /var/spool/samba

printable = Yes

browseable = No

[tools] //自定义配置共享

comment = tools public

path = /usr/src

guest ok = Yes

启动服务

[root@localhost ~]# service smb restart

关闭 SMB 服务： [失败]

关闭 NMB 服务： [失败]

启动 SMB 服务： [确定]

启动 NMB 服务： [确定]

确保服务开机启动

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig smb on

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig smb –list

smb 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭

[root@localhost ~]#

监听端口

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anptu | grep mbd

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:139 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5798/smbd

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:445 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5798/smbd

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:137 0.0.0.0:* 5801/nmbd

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:138 0.0.0.0:* 5801/nmbd

4、客户端测试

windows：

UNC路径 \192.168.8.10

如图：

linux下samba共享服务器介绍与配置的照片

linux：

安装samba-client

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh samba-client-3.0.33-3.39.el5_8.x86_64.rpm

warning: samba-client-3.0.33-3.39.el5_8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing… ########################################### [100%]

package samba-client-3.0.33-3.39.el5_8.x86_64 is already installed

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -q samba-client

samba-client-3.0.33-3.39.el5_8

[root@localhost ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.8.10 //查看共享

Password:

Domain=[PENGPENG] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.33-3.39.el5_8]

Sharename Type Comment

——— —- ——-

tools Disk tools public

IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server Version 3.0.33-3.39.el5_8)

Domain=[PENGPENG] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.33-3.39.el5_8]

Server Comment

——— ——-

LOCALHOST Samba Server Version 3.0.33-3.39.el5_8

Workgroup Master

——— ——-

PENGPENG LOCALHOST

WORKGROUP PENGPENG-PC

[root@localhost ~]# smbclient //192.168.8.10/tools //访问共享

Password: //匿名共享，任意密码

Domain=[PENGPENG] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.33-3.39.el5_8]

Server not using user level security and no password supplied.

smb: > ls

. D 0 Wed Aug 20 11:49:58 2014

.. D 0 Wed Aug 20 11:38:11 2014

debug D 0 Thu Oct 1 22:58:39 2009

kernels D 0 Wed Aug 20 11:41:30 2014

redhat D 0 Wed Aug 20 11:49:58 2014

38751 blocks of size 524288. 29666 blocks available

smb: >

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/smb //建立挂在文件夹

[root@localhost ~]# mount -t cifs //192.168.8.10/tools /data/smb/ //挂载

Password:

[root@localhost ~]# mount | tail -1

//192.168.8.10/tools on /data/smb type cifs (rw,mand) //查看挂载情况

配置自动挂载：

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab

…

/192.168.8.10/tools /data/smb cifs passwd=defaults 0 0 //添加自动挂载，定义密码为空

…

[root@localhost ~]# grep smb /etc/fstab

//192.168.8.10/tools /data/smb cifs passwd=defaults 0 0

[root@localhost ~]# cd /data/smb //进入挂载目录

[root@localhost smb]# ls

debug kernels redhat //浏览成功

实验二：Samba用户验证

修改原有的 [tools] 匿名共享设置

不再允许所有人访问

只允许jack读取、tom写入

拒绝其他用户或匿名访问

上传目录的权限为755

上传文件的权限为644

1、新建相应账户与samba密码

[root@localhost ~]# useradd jack

[root@localhost ~]# useradd tom

[root@localhost ~]# echo "123456" | passwd –stdin jack

Changing password for user jack.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@localhost ~]# echo "123456" | passwd –stdin tom

Changing password for user tom.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@localhost ~]# pdbedit -a jack //添加共享账号，必须有相对应的系统账号

new password:

retype new password:

Unix username: jack

NT username:

Account Flags: [U ]

User SID: S-1-5-21-3977168788-1325546648-3669002591-1000

Primary Group SID: S-1-5-21-3977168788-1325546648-3669002591-513

Full Name:

Home Directory: \localhostjack

HomeDir Drive:

Logon Script:

Profile Path: \localhostjackprofile

Domain: LOCALHOST

Account desc:

Workstations:

Munged dial:

Logon time: 0

Logoff time: never

Kickoff time: never

Password last set: 三, 03 9月 2014 15:36:26 CST

Password can change: 三, 03 9月 2014 15:36:26 CST

Password must change: never

Last bad password : 0

Bad password count : 0

Logon hours : FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

[root@localhost ~]# pdbedit -a tom //添加共享账号，必须有相对应的系统账号

new password:

retype new password:

Unix username: tom

NT username:

Account Flags: [U ]

User SID: S-1-5-21-3977168788-1325546648-3669002591-1001

Primary Group SID: S-1-5-21-3977168788-1325546648-3669002591-513

Full Name:

Home Directory: \localhosttom

HomeDir Drive:

Logon Script:

Profile Path: \localhosttomprofile

Domain: LOCALHOST

Account desc:

Workstations:

Munged dial:

Logon time: 0

Logoff time: never

Kickoff time: never

Password last set: 三, 03 9月 2014 15:36:41 CST

Password can change: 三, 03 9月 2014 15:36:41 CST

Password must change: never

Last bad password : 0

Bad password count : 0

Logon hours : FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

[root@localhost ~]#

2、修改主配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

...

security = user //启用用户认证

...

[tools]

comment = tools public

path = /usr/src //指定共享路径

public= no //不对所有人开放

valid users = jack,tom //指定合法用户

write list =tom //用户tom可读可写

browseable=yes

read only = yes

directory mask = 0755 //上传的目录权限

create mask = 0644 //上传的文件权限

...

[root@localhost ~]# setfacl -m u:tom:rwx /usr/src/

//ACL控制，单独给tom读写执行权限（本地与共享权限交集才是最终访问权限）

[root@localhost ~]# getfacl /usr/src/ //查看目录权限

getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names

# file: usr/src

# owner: root

# group: root

user::rwx

user:tom:rwx

group::r-x

mask::rwx

other::r-x

3、启动服务

[root@localhost ~]# service smb restart

关闭 SMB 服务： [确定]

关闭 NMB 服务： [确定]

启动 SMB 服务： [确定]

启动 NMB 服务： [确定]

4、客户端测试

[root@localhost ~]# smbclient -U jack //192.168.8.10/tools //加用户访问

Password: //之前定义共享密码

Domain=[LOCALHOST] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.33-3.39.el5_8]

smb: > ls

. D 0 Wed Aug 20 11:49:58 2014

.. D 0 Wed Aug 20 11:38:11 2014

debug D 0 Thu Oct 1 22:58:39 2009

kernels D 0 Wed Aug 20 11:41:30 2014

redhat D 0 Wed Aug 20 11:49:58 2014

38751 blocks of size 524288. 29665 blocks available

smb: >

[root@localhost ~]# umount /data/smb //卸载掉之前挂载

[root@localhost ~]# mount -o username=jack //192.168.8.10/tools /data/smb

Password:

[root@localhost ~]# mount | grep smb

//192.168.8.10/tools on /data/smb type cifs (rw,mand)

[root@localhost ~]#

实验三： samba账户别名与访问地址控制

把普通用户jack设置为kaka

设置只允许192.168.8.5地址访问

1、修改samba用户别名文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/samba/smbusers

# Unix_name = SMB_name1 SMB_name2 ...

root = administrator admin

nobody = guest pcguest smbguest

jack = kaka //定义jack的用户别名kaka

2、修改主配置文件

...

username map = /etc/samba/smbusers //开启用户账号映射,虚拟用户名

...

[tools]

comment = tools public

path = /usr/src

public= no

valid users = jack,tom

write list =tom

browseable=yes

read only = yes

directory mask = 0755

create mask = 0644

hosts allow = 192.168.10.5 //添加此条语句，只允许10.5客户机访问

重启服务：

[root@localhost ~]# service smb restart

关闭 SMB 服务： [确定]

关闭 NMB 服务： [确定]

启动 SMB 服务： [确定]

启动 NMB 服务： [确定]

3、客户端测试

验证用户别名：

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# smbclient -U kaka //192.168.8.10/tools

//使用jack别名kaka

Password: //使用jack密码

Domain=[LOCALHOST] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.33-3.39.el5_8]

smb: > ls

. D 0 Wed Aug 20 11:49:58 2014

.. D 0 Wed Aug 20 11:38:11 2014

debug D 0 Thu Oct 1 22:58:39 2009

kernels D 0 Wed Aug 20 11:41:30 2014

redhat D 0 Wed Aug 20 11:49:58 2014

38751 blocks of size 524288. 29665 blocks available

smb: >

验证IP地址限制：

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.8.6/24

//地址修改为192.168.8.6

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 | grep "inet addr:"

inet addr:192.168.8.6 Bcast:192.168.8.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

[root@localhost ~]# smbclient -U jack //192.168.8.10/tools

Password:

Domain=[LOCALHOST] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.33-3.39.el5_8]

tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED

// 无法访问

本文转自 linuxzkq 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/linuxzkq/1583351

linux下samba共享服务器介绍与配置

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