copy 自http://hi.baidu.com/javava/blog/item/533b6a892de479b20e2444c9.html
使用的时候MySQL当要导入或者导出数据量大的库的时候,用PHPMYADMIN甚至MySQL Administrator这些工具都会力不从心,这时只能使用MySQL所提供的命令行工具mysqldump进行备份恢复。
--add-locks
在每个表导出之前增加LOCK TABLES并且之后UNLOCK TABLE。(为了使得更快地插入到MySQL)。
--add-drop-table
在每个create语句之前增加一个drop table。
--allow-keywords
允许创建是关键词的列名字。这由表名前缀于每个列名做到。
-c, --complete-insert
使用完整的insert语句(用列名字)。
-C, --compress
如果客户和服务器均支持压缩，压缩两者间所有的信息。
--delayed
用INSERT DELAYED命令插入行。
-e, --extended-insert
使用全新多行INSERT语法。（给出更紧缩并且更快的插入语句）
-#, --debug[=option_string]
跟踪程序的使用(为了调试)。
--help
显示一条帮助消息并且退出。
--fields-terminated-by=...
--fields-enclosed-by=...
--fields-optionally-enclosed-by=...
--fields-escaped-by=...
--fields-terminated-by=...
这些选择与-T选择一起使用，并且有相应的LOAD DATA INFILE子句相同的含义。
LOAD DATA INFILE语法。
-F, --flush-logs
在开始导出前，洗掉在MySQL服务器中的日志文件。
-f, --force,
即使我们在一个表导出期间得到一个SQL错误，继续。
-h, --host=..
从命名的主机上的MySQL服务器导出数据。缺省主机是localhost。
-l, --lock-tables.
为开始导出锁定所有表。
以下是执行 mysqldump --help 命令后打印的帮助信息：
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mysqldump Ver 10.11 Distrib 5.0.37, for pc-linux-gnu (i686)
By Igor Romanenko, Monty, Jani & Sinisa
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL license
Dumping definition and data mysql database or table
Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables]
OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...]
OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf
The following groups are read: mysqldump client
The following options may be given as the first argument:
--print-defaults Print the program argument list and exit
--no-defaults Don't read default options from any options file
--defaults-file=# Only read default options from the given file #
--defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read
-a, --all Deprecated. Use --create-options instead.
-A, --all-databases Dump all the databases. This will be same as --databases
with all databases selected.
--add-drop-database Add a 'DROP DATABASE' before each create.
--add-drop-table Add a 'drop table' before each create.
--add-locks Add locks around insert statements.
--allow-keywords Allow creation of column names that are keywords.
--character-sets-dir=name
Directory where character sets are.
-i, --comments Write additional information.
--compatible=name Change the dump to be compatible with a given mode. By
default tables are dumped in a format optimized for
MySQL. Legal modes are: ansi, mysql323, mysql40,
postgresql, oracle, mssql, db2, maxdb, no_key_options,
no_table_options, no_field_options. One can use several
modes separated by commas. Note: Requires MySQL server
version 4.1.0 or higher. This option is ignored with
earlier server versions.
--compact Give less verbose output (useful for debugging). Disables
structure comments and header/footer constructs. Enables
options --skip-add-drop-table --no-set-names
--skip-disable-keys --skip-add-locks
-c, --complete-insert
Use complete insert statements.
-C, --compress Use compression in server/client protocol.
--create-options Include all MySQL specific create options.
-B, --databases To dump several databases. Note the difference in usage;
In this case no tables are given. All name arguments are
regarded as databasenames. 'USE db_name;' will be
included in the output.
-#, --debug[=#] This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit
--debug-info Print some debug info at exit.
--default-character-set=name
Set the default character set.
--delayed-insert Insert rows with INSERT DELAYED;
--delete-master-logs
Delete logs on master after backup. This automatically
enables --master-data.
-K, --disable-keys '/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name DISABLE KEYS */; and
'/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name ENABLE KEYS */; will be put
in the output.
-e, --extended-insert
Allows utilization of the new, much faster INSERT syntax.
--fields-terminated-by=name
Fields in the textfile are terminated by ...
--fields-enclosed-by=name
Fields in the importfile are enclosed by ...
--fields-optionally-enclosed-by=name
Fields in the i.file are opt. enclosed by ...
--fields-escaped-by=name
Fields in the i.file are escaped by ...
-x, --first-slave Deprecated, renamed to --lock-all-tables.
-F, --flush-logs Flush logs file in server before starting dump. Note that
if you dump many databases at once (using the option
--databases= or --all-databases), the logs will be
flushed for each database dumped. The exception is when
using --lock-all-tables or --master-data: in this case
the logs will be flushed only once, corresponding to the
moment all tables are locked. So if you want your dump
and the log flush to happen at the same exact moment you
should use --lock-all-tables or --master-data with
--flush-logs
--flush-privileges Emit a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement after dumping the mysql
database. This option should be used any time the dump
contains the mysql database and any other database that
depends on the data in the mysql database for proper
restore.
-f, --force Continue even if we get an sql-error.
-?, --help Display this help message and exit.
--hex-blob Dump binary strings (BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB) in
hexadecimal format.
-h, --host=name Connect to host.
--ignore-table=name Do not dump the specified table. To specify more than one
table to ignore, use the directive multiple times, once
for each table. Each table must be specified with both
database and table names, e.g.
--ignore-table=database.table
--insert-ignore Insert rows with INSERT IGNORE.
--lines-terminated-by=name
Lines in the i.file are terminated by ...
-x, --lock-all-tables
Locks all tables across all databases. This is achieved
by taking a global read lock for the duration of the
whole dump. Automatically turns --single-transaction and
--lock-tables off.
-l, --lock-tables Lock all tables for read.
--master-data[=#] This causes the binary log position and filename to be
appended to the output. If equal to 1, will print it as a
CHANGE MASTER command; if equal to 2, that command will
be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will turn
--lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is
specified too (in which case a global read lock is only
taken a short time at the beginning of the dump - don't
forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all
cases any action on logs will happen at the exact moment
of the dump.Option automatically turns --lock-tables off.
--max_allowed_packet=#
--net_buffer_length=#
--no-autocommit Wrap tables with autocommit/commit statements.
-n, --no-create-db 'CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ db_name;' will
not be put in the output. The above line will be added
otherwise, if --databases or --all-databases option was
given.}.
-t, --no-create-info
Don't write table creation info.
-d, --no-data No row information.
-N, --no-set-names Deprecated. Use --skip-set-charset instead.
--opt Same as --add-drop-table, --add-locks, --create-options,
--quick, --extended-insert, --lock-tables, --set-charset,
and --disable-keys. Enabled by default, disable with
--skip-opt.
--order-by-primary Sorts each table's rows by primary key, or first unique
key, if such a key exists. Useful when dumping a MyISAM
table to be loaded into an InnoDB table, but will make
the dump itself take considerably longer.
-p, --password[=name]
Password to use when connecting to server. If password is
not given it's solicited on the tty.
-P, --port=# Port number to use for connection.
--protocol=name The protocol of connection (tcp,socket,pipe,memory).
-q, --quick Don't buffer query, dump directly to stdout.
-Q, --quote-names Quote table and column names with backticks (`).
-r, --result-file=name
Direct output to a given file. This option should be used
in MSDOS, because it prevents new line '\n' from being
converted to '\r\n' (carriage return + line feed).
-R, --routines Dump stored routines (functions and procedures).
--set-charset Add 'SET NAMES default_character_set' to the output.
Enabled by default; suppress with --skip-set-charset.
-O, --set-variable=name
Change the value of a variable. Please note that this
option is deprecated; you can set variables directly with
--variable-name=value.
--single-transaction
Creates a consistent snapshot by dumping all tables in a
single transaction. Works ONLY for tables stored in
storage engines which support multiversioning (currently
only InnoDB does); the dump is NOT guaranteed to be
consistent for other storage engines. Option
automatically turns off --lock-tables.
--skip-opt Disable --opt. Disables --add-drop-table, --add-locks,
--create-options, --quick, --extended-insert,
--lock-tables, --set-charset, and --disable-keys.
-S, --socket=name Socket file to use for connection.
--ssl Enable SSL for connection (automatically enabled with
other flags). Disable with --skip-ssl.
--ssl-ca=name CA file in PEM format (check OpenSSL docs, implies
--ssl).
--ssl-capath=name CA directory (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl).
--ssl-cert=name X509 cert in PEM format (implies --ssl).
--ssl-cipher=name SSL cipher to use (implies --ssl).
--ssl-key=name X509 key in PEM format (implies --ssl).
--ssl-verify-server-cert
Verify server's "Common Name" in its cert against
hostname used when connecting. This option is disabled by
default.
-T, --tab=name Creates tab separated textfile for each table to given
path. (creates .sql and .txt files). NOTE: This only
works if mysqldump is run on the same machine as the
mysqld daemon.
--tables Overrides option --databases (-B).
--triggers Dump triggers for each dumped table
--tz-utc SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' at top of dump to allow dumping of
TIMESTAMP data when a server has data in different time
zones or data is being moved between servers with
different time zones.
-u, --user=name User for login if not current user.
-v, --verbose Print info about the various stages.
-V, --version Output version information and exit.
-w, --where=name Dump only selected records; QUOTES mandatory!
-X, --xml Dump a database as well formed XML.
Variables (--variable-name=value)
and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE} Value (after reading options)
--------------------------------- -----------------------------
all TRUE
all-databases FALSE
add-drop-database FALSE
add-drop-table TRUE
add-locks TRUE
allow-keywords FALSE
character-sets-dir (No default value)
comments TRUE
compatible (No default value)
compact FALSE
complete-insert FALSE
compress FALSE
create-options TRUE
databases FALSE
debug-info FALSE
default-character-set gbk
delayed-insert FALSE
delete-master-logs FALSE
disable-keys TRUE
extended-insert TRUE
fields-terminated-by (No default value)
fields-enclosed-by (No default value)
fields-optionally-enclosed-by (No default value)
fields-escaped-by (No default value)
first-slave FALSE
flush-logs FALSE
flush-privileges FALSE
force FALSE
hex-blob FALSE
host (No default value)
insert-ignore FALSE
lines-terminated-by (No default value)
lock-all-tables FALSE
lock-tables TRUE
master-data 0
max_allowed_packet 16776192
net_buffer_length 1047551
no-autocommit FALSE
no-create-db FALSE
no-create-info FALSE
no-data FALSE
order-by-primary FALSE
port 3306
quick TRUE
quote-names TRUE
routines FALSE
set-charset TRUE
single-transaction FALSE
socket /tmp/mysql.sock
ssl FALSE
ssl-ca (No default value)
ssl-capath (No default value)
ssl-cert (No default value)
ssl-cipher (No default value)
ssl-key (No default value)
ssl-verify-server-cert FALSE
tab (No default value)
triggers TRUE
tz-utc TRUE
user (No default value)
verbose FALSE
where (No default value)
本文转自holy2009 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/holy2010/530665
