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【移动开发】Android中的底部菜单框架（Fragment）

2017-11-16 1097
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简介：

今天，我将总结一下Android应用中大家经常见到的底部导航栏的几种实现！


一。TabHost + RadioGroup实现方式

在我们平时开发过程中使用的TabHost是在上方，这里我们简单修改了一下<TabHost>的布局,让叶片放到了底部。

main.xml

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<?xml version= "1.0"  encoding= "utf-8" ?>
<TabHost xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     android:id= "@android:id/tabhost"
     android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
     android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
     android:orientation= "horizontal"  >
     <LinearLayout
         android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
         android:orientation= "vertical"  >
         <TabWidget
             android:id= "@android:id/tabs"
             android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
             android:layout_height= "wrap_content"
             android:visibility= "gone"  />
         <FrameLayout
             android:id= "@android:id/tabcontent"
             android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
             android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
             android:layout_weight= "1.0"  />
         <RadioGroup
             android:id= "@+id/radioGroup"
             android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
             android:layout_height= "wrap_content"
             android:layout_gravity= "bottom"
             android:background= "@drawable/bar"
             android:gravity= "center_vertical"
             android:orientation= "horizontal"  >
             <RadioButton
                 android:id= "@+id/rd_home"
                 style= "@style/main_btn_style"
                 android:layout_width= "wrap_content"
                 android:layout_height= "wrap_content"
                 android:drawableTop= "@drawable/home_icon"
                 android:text= "主页"  />
             <RadioButton
                 android:id= "@+id/rd_wt"
                 style= "@style/main_btn_style"
                 android:layout_width= "wrap_content"
                 android:layout_height= "wrap_content"
                 android:drawableTop= "@drawable/wb_icon_write_n"
                 android:text= "发表"  />
             <RadioButton
                 android:id= "@+id/rd_msg"
                 style= "@style/main_btn_style"
                 android:layout_width= "wrap_content"
                 android:layout_height= "wrap_content"
                 android:drawableTop= "@drawable/msg_icon"
                 android:text= "信息"  />
             <RadioButton
                 android:id= "@+id/rd_more"
                 style= "@style/main_btn_style"
                 android:layout_width= "wrap_content"
                 android:layout_height= "wrap_content"
                 android:drawableTop= "@drawable/more_icon"
                 android:text= "更多"  />
         </RadioGroup>
     </LinearLayout>
</TabHost>

styles.xml

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<style name= "main_btn_style" >
        <item name= "android:button" >@ null </item>
        <item name= "android:textSize" >10dp</item>
        <item name= "android:textColor" >#ffffff</item>
        <item name= "android:gravity" >center_horizontal</item>
        <item name= "android:drawablePadding" >4dp</item>
        <item name= "android:layout_weight" > 1.0 </item>
        <item name= "android:background" >@drawable/main_btn_bg_d</item>
    </style>

main_btn_bg_d.xml

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<?xml version= "1.0"  encoding= "utf-8" ?>
<selector xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
     <item android:drawable= "@drawable/main_btn_bg"  android:state_enabled= "true"  android:state_pressed= "true" ></item>
     <item android:drawable= "@drawable/main_btn_bg"  android:state_checked= "true"  android:state_enabled= "true" ></item>
</selector>

这里需要注意的是：

1.main.xml中:TabWidget的id必须是@android:id/tabs，FrameLayout的id必须是 @android:id/tabcontent。

2.把TabWidget的Visibility设置成了gone!也就是默认难看的风格不见了：2011-3-1_2.jpg，取而代之的是5个带风格的单选按钮.


MainActivity类

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package  com.zhf.android_tabhost;
import  android.app.TabActivity;
import  android.content.Intent;
import  android.os.Bundle;
import  android.widget.RadioGroup;
import  android.widget.RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener;
import  android.widget.TabHost;
import  android.widget.TabHost.TabSpec;
public  class  MainActivity  extends  TabActivity {
     private  TabHost tabHost;
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
     @Override
     public  void  onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         setContentView(R.layout.main);
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
         tabHost =  this .getTabHost();
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
         TabSpec homeSpec = tabHost.newTabSpec( "home" ).setIndicator( "home" ).setContent( new  Intent( this ,HomeActivity. class ));
         TabSpec writeSpec = tabHost.newTabSpec( "write" ).setIndicator( "write" ).setContent( new  Intent( this ,WriteActivity. class ));
         TabSpec msgSpec = tabHost.newTabSpec( "msg" ).setIndicator( "msg" ).setContent( new  Intent( this ,MsgActivity. class ));
         TabSpec moreSpec = tabHost.newTabSpec( "more" ).setIndicator( "more" ).setContent( new  Intent( this ,MoreActivity. class ));
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
         tabHost.addTab(homeSpec);
         tabHost.addTab(writeSpec);
         tabHost.addTab(msgSpec);
         tabHost.addTab(moreSpec);
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
         RadioGroup rg = (RadioGroup)  this .findViewById(R.id.radioGroup);
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
         rg.setOnCheckedChangeListener( new  OnCheckedChangeListener() {
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
             @Override
             public  void  onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group,  int  checkedId) {
                 switch  (checkedId) {
                 case  R.id.rd_home:
                     tabHost.setCurrentTabByTag( "home" );
                     break ;
                 case  R.id.rd_wt:
                     tabHost.setCurrentTabByTag( "write" );
                     break ;
                 case  R.id.rd_msg:
                     tabHost.setCurrentTabByTag( "msg" );
                     break ;
                 case  R.id.rd_more:
                     tabHost.setCurrentTabByTag( "more" );
                     break ;
                 default :
                     break ;
                 }
             }
         });
     }
}

注：

1.由于TabWidget被隐藏，所以相关的事件也会无效，这里取巧用RadioGroup与RadioButton的特性来处理切换，然后监听事件调用setCurrentTabByTag来切换Activity。

2.注意即使TabWidget被隐藏，也要为其设置indicator，否则会保持。

效果图：

174435324.png

（点击底部就可以实现切换不同的Activity的操作了，这里需要注意的一点是，切换底部菜单时不会重新调用onCreate()方法的！！）



二.底部回调接口实现（使用Fragment）--- 重要！


这种方式使用了最新的Fragment，采用了底部导航栏回调接口的方法，来切换底部菜单，并且每次切换回重新调用onCreate()方法！！


main.xml:

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<?xml version= "1.0"  encoding= "utf-8" ?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     xmlns:tools= "http://schemas.android.com/tools"
     android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
     android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
     android:orientation= "vertical"
     tools:context= ".MainActivity"  >
     <LinearLayout
         android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height= "0dp"
         android:layout_weight= "10"
         android:orientation= "vertical"  >
         <RelativeLayout
             android:id= "@+id/main_title_RelativeLayout"
             android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
             android:layout_height= "50dp"
             android:background= "@drawable/fragment_bottom_normal"
             android:orientation= "horizontal"  >
             <TextView
                 android:id= "@+id/main_title_TextView"
                 android:layout_width= "wrap_content"
                 android:layout_height= "wrap_content"
                 android:layout_centerInParent= "true"
                 android:text= "主页"
                 android:textColor= "@android:color/white"
                 android:textSize= "24sp"  />
         </RelativeLayout>
         <FrameLayout
             android:id= "@+id/main_detail_FrameLayout"
             android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
             android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
             android:background= "#ffffff"  >
         </FrameLayout>
     </LinearLayout>
     <fragment
         android:id= "@+id/bottom_fragment"
         android:name= "com.zhf.frameworkdemo02.fragments.BottomFragment"
         android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height= "0dp"
         android:layout_weight= "1"  />
</LinearLayout>


这里由于我们底部菜单我们采用了fragment,所以布局里面要留出位置！


BottomFragment类：

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package  com.zhf.frameworkdemo02.fragments;
import  com.zhf.frameworkdemo02.R;
import  android.app.Activity;
import  android.os.Bundle;
import  android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import  android.view.LayoutInflater;
import  android.view.View;
import  android.view.ViewGroup;
import  android.widget.RadioGroup;
import  android.widget.RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener;
/**
  * 页面底部导航栏
  *
  * @author ZHF
  *
  */
public  class  BottomFragment  extends  Fragment {
     //默认回调接口实现类的对象
     private  Callbacks callbacks = defaultCallbacks;
     /** Fragment和Activity建立关联的时候调用 **/
     @Override
     public  void  onAttach(Activity activity) {
         super .onAttach(activity);
         //当前类是否实现了底部导航栏点击事件回调接口
         if (!(activity  instanceof  Callbacks)) {
             throw  new  IllegalStateException( "Activity must implements fragment's callbacks !" );
         }
         callbacks = (Callbacks) activity;
     }
     /** 为Fragment加载布局时调用 **/
     @Override
     public  View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         RadioGroup radioGroup = (RadioGroup) inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_bottom, container,  false );
         //绑定监听器
         radioGroup.setOnCheckedChangeListener(changeListener);
         return  radioGroup;
     }
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
     /**RadioGroup监听器**/
     private  OnCheckedChangeListener changeListener =  new  OnCheckedChangeListener() {
         @Override
         public  void  onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group,  int  checkedId) {
             System.out.println(checkedId);
             callbacks.onItemSelected(checkedId);  //调用接口中方法
         }
     };
     public  interface  Callbacks{
         /**导航栏回调接口**/
         public  void  onItemSelected( int  item);
     }
     /**默认回调实现类的对象**/
     private  static  Callbacks defaultCallbacks =  new  Callbacks() {
         @Override
         public  void  onItemSelected( int  item) {
         //什么都不干
         }
     };
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
     /**Fragment和Activity解除关联的时候调用**/
     @Override
     public  void  onDetach() {
         super .onDetach();
        callbacks = defaultCallbacks;
     }
}

底部菜单布局fragment_bottom.xml

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<?xml version= "1.0"  encoding= "utf-8" ?>
<RadioGroup xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
     android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
     android:orientation= "horizontal"  >
     <RadioButton
         android:id= "@+id/fragment_bottom_home"
         android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_weight= "1"
         android:background= "@drawable/fragment_bottom_selector"
         android:button= "@null"
         android:drawableTop= "@drawable/main_readiobutton_home"
         android:gravity= "center"
         android:text= "@string/home"
         android:textColor= "@color/white"
         android:textSize= "12sp"  />
     <View
         android:layout_width= "1dp"
         android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
         android:background= "@color/white"  />
     <RadioButton
         android:id= "@+id/fragment_bottom_order"
         android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_weight= "1"
         android:background= "@drawable/fragment_bottom_selector"
         android:button= "@null"
         android:drawableTop= "@drawable/main_readiobutton_order"
         android:gravity= "center"
         android:text= "@string/order"
         android:textColor= "@color/white"
         android:textSize= "12sp"  />
     <View
         android:layout_width= "1dp"
         android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
         android:background= "@color/white"
         />
     <RadioButton
         android:id= "@+id/fragment_bottom_notice"
         android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_weight= "1"
         android:background= "@drawable/fragment_bottom_selector"
         android:button= "@null"
         android:drawableTop= "@drawable/main_readiobutton_notice"
         android:gravity= "center"
         android:text= "@string/notice"
         android:textColor= "@color/white"
         android:textSize= "12sp"  />
     <View
         android:layout_width= "1dp"
         android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
         android:background= "@color/white"  />
     <RadioButton
         android:id= "@+id/fragment_bottom_more"
         android:layout_width= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_height= "fill_parent"
         android:layout_weight= "1"
         android:background= "@drawable/fragment_bottom_selector"
         android:button= "@null"
         android:drawablePadding= "3dip"
         android:drawableTop= "@drawable/main_readiobutton_more"
         android:gravity= "center"
         android:text= "@string/more"
         android:textColor= "@color/white"
         android:textSize= "12sp"  />
</RadioGroup>


这里我们定义了一个框架类：GeneralFragment(所有的fragment界面都需继承它)

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package  com.zhf.frameworkdemo02.fragments;
import  java.io.Serializable;
import  com.zhf.frameworkdemo02.R;
import  com.zhf.frameworkdemo02.view.OrderView;
import  com.zhf.frameworkdemo02.view.HomeView;
import  com.zhf.frameworkdemo02.view.MoreView;
import  com.zhf.frameworkdemo02.view.NoticeView;
import  android.os.Bundle;
import  android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import  android.view.LayoutInflater;
import  android.view.View;
import  android.view.ViewGroup;
import  android.widget.TextView;
/**
  * 框架类，抽象公共方法
  * @author ZHF
  *
  */
public  class  GeneralFragment  extends  Fragment  implements  Serializable{
     /**
      *
      */
     private  static  final  long  serialVersionUID = 1L;
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
     private  int  item;  //用于区分底部菜单项
     protected  static  View main_title_RelativeLayout;  //标题栏
     protected  final  static  String key =  "Bundle" ;    //跳转值传递key的名称
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
     @Override
     public  void  onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         if (getArguments() !=  null ) {   //根据接收子类传来的arguments判断item的哪一项
             if (getArguments().containsKey(MainFragment.Item)) {
                 item = getArguments().getInt(MainFragment.Item);
             }
         }
     }
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
     /**为Fragment加载布局时调用 **/
     @Override
     public  View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_general, container,  false );
         GeneralFragment fragment =  null ;
         switch (item) {
         case  R.id.fragment_bottom_home:   //初始化主页
             fragment =  new  HomeView();
             break ;
         case  R.id.fragment_bottom_order:
             fragment =  new  OrderView();   //初始化订单
              break ;
         case  R.id.fragment_bottom_notice:
             fragment =  new  NoticeView();    //初始化公告
             break ;
         case  R.id.fragment_bottom_more:
             fragment =  new  MoreView();   //初始化更多
             break ;
         default :
             break ;
         }
         if (fragment !=  null ) {
             //更换mainView中间的内容（home,msg,at,more）
             getActivity().getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.general_fragment, fragment).commit();
         }
         main_title_RelativeLayout =  ((View) container.getParent()).findViewById(R.id.main_title_RelativeLayout);
         //将生成的view返回
         return  view;
     }
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
     /**设置标题**/
     protected  void  setTitle(Object title) {
         if (main_title_RelativeLayout !=  null ) {
             //标题栏中的文字
             TextView mTvTitle = (TextView) main_title_RelativeLayout.findViewById(R.id.main_title_TextView);
             if (mTvTitle !=  null ) {
                 if (title  instanceof  Integer) {   //整型
                     mTvTitle.setText((Integer)title);
                 }  else  {  //字符类型
                     mTvTitle.setText((CharSequence)title);
                 }
             }
         }
     }
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
     /**页面跳转值传递**/
     protected  void  setBundle(Object... objects) {
         Bundle arguments =  new  Bundle();
         arguments.putSerializable(key, objects);
         GeneralFragment generalFragment =  new  GeneralFragment();
         generalFragment.setArguments(arguments);
     }
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
     /**获取所传递的值**/
     protected  Object[] getBundle() {
         if (getArguments() !=  null ) {
             System.out.println( "getBundle" );
             if (getArguments().containsKey(key)) {
                 Object[] object = (Object[]) getArguments().getSerializable(key);
                 return  object;
             }
         }
         return  null ;
     }
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
     /**无参页面跳转**/
     protected  void  toIntent(GeneralFragment generalFragment) {
         if (generalFragment !=  null ) {
             getActivity().getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.general_fragment, generalFragment).commit();
         }
     }
}


程序入口MainFragment:

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package  com.zhf.frameworkdemo02.fragments;
import  com.zhf.frameworkdemo02.R;
import  android.os.Bundle;
import  android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import  android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
/**
  *MainView
  * @author ZHF
  *
  */
public  class  MainFragment  extends  FragmentActivity  implements  BottomFragment.Callbacks {
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
     public  final  static  String  Item =  "item" ;
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
     @Override
     protected  void  onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         setContentView(R.layout.main);
         //初始化默认调用接口中item选中方法
         onItemSelected(R.id.fragment_bottom_home);
     }
     @Override
     public  void  onItemSelected( int  item) {
         Bundle arguments =  new  Bundle();
         arguments.putInt(Item, item);  //将选中的底部radio的Id放进去
         GeneralFragment generalFragment =  new  GeneralFragment();
         generalFragment.setArguments(arguments);  //设置参数值
         //这里根据item的ID进行界面跳转
         FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
         fm.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.main_detail_FrameLayout, generalFragment).commit();
     }
}


说明：这里我们的每个界面都将采用Fragment,故每个界面需重写onCreateView（）


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package  com.zhf.frameworkdemo02.view;
import  android.os.Bundle;
import  android.view.LayoutInflater;
import  android.view.View;
import  android.view.ViewGroup;
import  com.zhf.frameworkdemo02.R;
import  com.zhf.frameworkdemo02.fragments.GeneralFragment;
/**
  * 主页面
  * @author ZHF
  *
  */
public  class  HomeView  extends  GeneralFragment{
     @Override
     public  void  onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         super .setTitle( "主页" );
     }
                                                                                                                                               
     @Override
     public  View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         return  inflater.inflate(R.layout.home, container,  false );
     }
}

（其他三个略）

最终效果图：

225533378.png


ok!大功告成！相当实用的！有兴趣的可以学习一下！


源码下载：http://down.51cto.com/data/1009354






     本文转自zhf651555765 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/smallwoniu/1324123，如需转载请自行联系原作者




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关键词：
Android菜单
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