环境：
OEL6.3 x64 (CentOS6.3 x64)
网络环境中无其它DHCP服务器
本文出自：http://koumm.blog.51cto.com
一、 cobbler安装准备
1. 关闭iptables与selinux
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# chkconfig iptables off
# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
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# sestatus 重启后查看
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2. 安装源准备并安装cobbler软件
说明：基础源与epel源。
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rpm -ivh http:
//download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp python-ctypes debmirror pykickstart fence-agents
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二、 配置tftp-server与rsync
开启tftp与rsync服务
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sed -i
'/disable/c disable = no'
/etc/xinetd.d/tftp
sed -i -e
's/= yes/= no/g'
/etc/xinetd.d/rsync
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三、配置cobbler
1. 配置httpd配置文件
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# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ServerName
127.0
.
0.1
:
80
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2. 配置cobbler主配置文件
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sed -i
's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.1.10/g'
/etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i
's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.1.10/g'
/etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i
's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/g'
/etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i
's/manage_rsync: 0/manage_rsync: 1/g'
/etc/cobbler/settings
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3. 配置cobbler web登录认证配置文件
(1) 修改认证文件
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sed -i
's/module = authn_denyall/module = authn_configfile/g'
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf
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(2) 设置用户名密码：
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htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest
"Cobbler"
cobbler
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4. 生成Cobbler安装系统root初始密码
(1)这里生成密钥和配置默认密钥，ks文件引用
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# openssl passwd -
1
-salt
'random-phrase-here'
'111111'
$
1
$random-p$WbZ3JxhRzCS/1Ne4S9g4Z.
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(2) 将上面的加密串加入cobbler配置文件中。
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# vi /etc/cobbler/settings
# 修改为如下配置
default_password_crypted:
"$1$random-p$WbZ3JxhRzCS/1Ne4S9g4Z."
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四、配置DHCP与启动cobbler相关服务
1. 配置dhcp配置文件
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# mv /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template.bak
# vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
ddns-update-style interim;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
ignore client-updates;
set
vendorclass = option vendor-
class
-identifier;
subnet
192.168
.
1.0
netmask
255.255
.
255.0
{
option routers
192.168
.
1.1
;
option domain-name-servers
202.100
.
192.68
;
option subnet-mask
255.255
.
255.0
;
range
dynamic
-bootp
192.168
.
1.120
192.168
.
1.254
;
filename
"/pxelinux.0"
;
default
-lease-time
21600
;
max-lease-time
43200
;
next-server $next_server;
}
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2. 需要启动的服务
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chkconfig httpd on
chkconfig xinetd on
chkconfig dhcpd on
chkconfig cobblerd on
service httpd start
service xinetd start
service dhcpd start
service cobblerd start
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五、效验cobbler安装条件
1. 修复cobbler check时出现的第一条错误信息
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[root@pxe ~]# cobbler
get
-loaders
task started:
2013
-
12
-15_191305_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Sun Dec
15
19
:
13
:
05
2013
)
downloading http:
//www.cobblerd.org/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading http:
//www.cobblerd.org/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading http:
//www.cobblerd.org/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading http:
//www.cobblerd.org/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading http:
//www.cobblerd.org/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading http:
//www.cobblerd.org/loaders/yaboot-1.3.14-12 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading http:
//www.cobblerd.org/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.61 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading http:
//www.cobblerd.org/loaders/menu.c32-3.61 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading http:
//www.cobblerd.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading http:
//www.cobblerd.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@pxe ~]#
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2. 修复debian/ubuntu系统安装选项支持包
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# vi /etc/debmirror.conf
说明：前提是安装debmirror pykickstart这两个包，注释掉如下两行。
#@dists=
"sid"
;
#@arches=
"i386"
;
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3. cobbler check效验环境
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[root@pxe ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1
: service dhcpd
is
not running
Restart cobblerd and then run
'cobbler sync'
to apply changes.
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4. 按上文校验提示操作修复
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[root@pxe ~]# cobbler sync
task started:
2013
-
12
-15_192432_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Dec
15
19
:
24
:
32
2013
)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
mkdir: /
var
/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
mkdir: /
var
/lib/tftpboot/grub
mkdir: /
var
/lib/tftpboot/s390x
mkdir: /
var
/lib/tftpboot/ppc
mkdir: /
var
/lib/tftpboot/etc
removing: /
var
/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /
var
/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.
0
-> /
var
/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.
0
trying hardlink /
var
/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /
var
/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /
var
/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /
var
/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /
var
/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /
var
/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /
var
/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /
var
/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /
var
/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
rendering Rsync files
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /
var
/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 正在启动 dhcpd：[确定]
received on stderr:
running shell triggers from /
var
/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /
var
/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /
var
/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@pxe ~]#
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说明：本节在前面已经考虑过cobbler check的错误提示了，大部分处理了。
5. 重启cobblerd 与xinetd服务
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[root@pxe ~]# service cobblerd restart
Stopping cobbler daemon: [确定]
Starting cobbler daemon: [确定]
[root@pxe ~]# service xinetd restart
停止 xinetd： [确定]
正在启动 xinetd： [确定]
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六、导入linux ISO安装镜像
1. 挂载ISO光盘镜像
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# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
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2. 开始导入光盘镜像
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# cobbler
import
--path=/mnt --arch=x86_64 --name=Centos-
5.9
task started:
2013
-
12
-15_193916_import
task started (id=Media
import
, time=Sun Dec
15
19
:
39
:
16
2013
)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel5
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel5
Adding distros from path /
var
/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-
5.9
-x86_64:
creating
new
distro: Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
trying symlink: /
var
/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-
5.9
-x86_64 -> /
var
/www/cobbler/links/Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
creating
new
profile: Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
creating
new
distro: Centos-
5.9
-xen-x86_64
trying symlink: /
var
/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-
5.9
-x86_64 -> /
var
/www/cobbler/links/Centos-
5.9
-xen-x86_64
creating
new
profile: Centos-
5.9
-xen-x86_64
associating repos
checking
for
rsync repo(s)
checking
for
rhn repo(s)
checking
for
yum repo(s)
starting descent into /
var
/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
for
Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
processing repo at : /
var
/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /
var
/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
looking
for
/
var
/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-
5.9
-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
running: createrepo -c cache -s sha --groupfile /
var
/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-
5.9
-x86_64/repodata/comps.xml
/
var
/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
received on stdout: Spawning worker
0
with
3579
pkgs
Worker
0
:
..........
... 略....
..........
Worker
0
:
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
received on stderr:
starting descent into /
var
/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
for
Centos-
5.9
-xen-x86_64
processing repo at : /
var
/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /
var
/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
looking
for
/
var
/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-
5.9
-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
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说明: cobbler将镜像拷贝一份放在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirrors/CentOS-5.9-x86_64目录下。
同时会创建一个名字为CentOS-5.9-x86_64的一个发布版本，以及一个名字为CentOS-5.9-x86_64的profile文件。
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[root@pxe kickstarts]# cobbler list
distros:
Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
Centos-
5.9
-xen-x86_64
profiles:
Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
Centos-
5.9
-xen-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
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七、修改安装更改kickstart文件
1. 相关知识内容
说明：
默认kickstart文件是/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks，需要手动为每个发行版单独指定, 或单独修改。
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# cobbler distro list
Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
Centos-
5.9
-xen-x86_64
#
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2. 手动创建自定义新的kickstart文件
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vi /
var
/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-
5.9
.ks
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install
text
cdrom
lang zh_CN.UTF-
8
keyboard us
reboot
url --url=http:
//192.168.1.10/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64
network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6 --hostname oa
rootpw --iscrypted $
1
$H0bnNoWM$HE1R/mWv6LqbhUGI8Xw/t.
firewall --disabled
authconfig --enableshadow --enablemd5
selinux --disabled
timezone Asia/Shanghai
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append=
"rhgb quiet"
# The following
is
the partition information you requested
# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed
# here so unless you clear all partitions first,
this
is
# not guaranteed to work
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=
200
--asprimary
part swap --size=
2048
part / --fstype ext3 --size=
200
--grow
%packages
@admin-tools
@base
@chinese-support
@core
@development-libs
@development-tools
@dialup
@editors
@gnome-desktop
@games
@graphical-internet
@graphics
@java
@legacy-software-development
@legacy-software-support
@office
@printing
@sound-and-video
@text-internet
@base-x
system-config-kickstart
kexec-tools
iscsi-initiator-utils
fipscheck
squashfs-tools
device-mapper-multipath
sgpio
imake
emacs
libsane-hpaio
xorg-x11-utils
xorg-x11-server-Xnest
xorg-x11-server-Xvfb
%post
service sendmail stop
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3. 修改profile指定新的KS启动文件，按角色进行分类
说明
1. 选择Centos-5.9-x86_64，将采用Centos-5.9-x86_64安装源，并通过/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-5.9.ks文件进行全自动安装。
2. 如有其它发行版，导入完镜像后，可以通过以下方式进行修改，否则将采用默认KS进行安装系统。
3. 也可以采用不同的ks文件来实现个性能自动安装，如下面第三条add命令，添加一个半自动的ks文件。
4. 如果没有按下面内容修改指定ks文件的话，引导菜单只显示Centos-5.9-x86_64默认一项。指定ks文件后，会在启动菜单中显示。
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# cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-
5.9
-x86_64 --distro=Centos-
5.9
-x86_64 --kickstart=/
var
/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-
5.9
.ks
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示例：
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# cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-
5.9
-xen-x86_64 --distro=Centos-
5.9
-x86_64 --kickstart=/
var
/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-
5.9
-xen.ks
# cobbler profile add --name=Centos-
5.9
-half-auto --distro=Centos-
5.9
-x86_64 --kickstart=/
var
/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-
5.9
-halfauto.ks
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如图所示：
4. 更改profile名称
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# cobbler profile rename --name=Centos-
5.9
-x86_64 --newname=CentOS-5U9-x64
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5. 删除profile配置，需要删除的profile名称为Centos-5.9-x86_64，删除后，安装启动菜单相关项消失。
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# cobbler profile remove --name=Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
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八、添加指定客户机系统配置到Cobbler
1. 指定一个网段使用特定的装机配置
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cobbler system add --name=test_000 --ip=
192.168
.
1.0
/
24
--profile=Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
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2. 添加一个指定服务器的装机配置
指定服务器的mac地址，并设置好主机名、IP地址等信息，需要提示知道服务器MAC地址，根据MAC应用到具体机器上。
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还可以指定ks参数。--kickstart=/
var
/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/webserver.ks
cobbler system add --name=test_001 --hostname=test_001 --mac=
00
:0C:
29
:E3:
81
:
32
--
interface
=eth0 --ip-address=
192.168
.
1.123
--subnet=
255.255
.
255.0
--gateway=
192.168
.
1.1
--
static
=
1
--profile=Centos-
5.9
-x86_64
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3. 修改system配置
机器IP地址变更为192.168.10.110
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cobbler system add --name=test_001 --ip=
192.168
.
1.110
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变更system配置名称
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cobbler system rename --name=test001 --newname=abc
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4. 删除system配置
需要删除的profile名称为test_001
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cobbler system remove --name=test_001
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5. 查看定义的系统列表
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cobbler system list
test_001
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九、安装客户端操作系统
(1) 通过网卡pxe启动
(2) 自动完成安装
十、重装客户端操作系统
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wget ftp:
//rpmfind.net/linux/epel/5/i386/koan-1.6.6-1.el5.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh koan-
1.6
.
6
-
1
.el5.noarch.rpm
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查看cobbler server上的配置文件，对于centos5.x 的系统koan不能采用yum安装，否则会因python版本过低而报错。
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# koan --server=
192.168
.
1.10
--list=profiles
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- looking
for
Cobbler at http:
//192.168.1.10/cobbler_api
- reading URL: http:
//192.168.1.10/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/Centos-5.9-x86_64
install_tree: http:
//192.168.1.10/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-5.9-x86_64
downloading initrd initrd.img to /boot/initrd.img
url=http:
//192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/initrd.img
- reading URL: http:
//192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/initrd.img
downloading kernel vmlinuz to /boot/vmlinuz
url=http:
//192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/vmlinuz
- reading URL: http:
//192.168.1.10/cobbler/images/Centos-5.9-x86_64/vmlinuz
- [
'/sbin/grubby'
,
'--add-kernel'
,
'/boot/vmlinuz'
,
'--initrd'
,
'/boot/initrd.img'
,
'--args'
,
'"ks=http://192.168.1.10/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/Centos-5.9-x86_64 ksdevice=link kssendmac lang= text "'
,
'--copy-default'
,
'--make-default'
,
'--title=kick1387098833'
]
- reboot to apply changes
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1
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# reboot
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reboot重启服务器后，客户端服务器会自动重新安装操作系统
本文转自 koumm 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/koumm/1340852，如需转载请自行联系原作者
