在这篇文章中,自己花了不少的时间编写一个简单的 E-mail 发送端程序,原理是跟 Telnet 中所用的相差很少,程序运行效果图如下:

在这个代码中,有几个注意点强调一下:

1、使用 Socket 与 SMTP 邮件服务器取得连接,注意 SMTP 服务器的主机名;

2、使用 data 命令时,若写了 subject (主题)之后,邮件的正文部分必须与 subject 之间有一个空行,即“回车+换行”,在代码中则是 \r\n ;

3、同样需要将发件人的邮箱用户名、密码进行 BASE64 编码之后再传给 SMTP 服务器;

4、程序在编译时仍然存在警告,这是由于 sun.misc.BASE64Encoder 类是存在于 rt.jar 包中的,由于 JDK 会更新升级,可能会导致该包中的某些类发生变化而不可用,所以编译器会发出警告。

此外,写了这些代码,也发现了一些问题:

1、smtp.qq.com 和 smtp.sina.com 邮件服务器不知道为什么不能用,也就是说,当发件人的邮箱地址是 qq 或者 sina 时,这个程序不管用了,状态应答码也看不懂。在我的测试当中,只有 smtp.163.com 可以用,明明都是在官网查到这几个 SMTP 服务器的,怎么不能用呢?真奇怪。有哪位朋友知道的希望能告诉我,谢谢!

2、在下面的 SimpleMailSender 类中的 sendEmail() 方法中,有些重复代码让人感到疑惑,但是没办法,我暂时还弄不懂…

3、重大发现:QQ 邮箱接收邮件的速度比 163 邮箱、sina 邮箱要快上可能有数十倍,真让我惊讶。此外,使用 nslookup 命令查询 smtp.qq.com 的主机名时,发现它有好多台 SMTP 服务器,至少比 163 的 3 台多出 5 台,腾讯真够强大;

4、虽然说写了这个程序可以恶意地不停给某个邮箱发邮件,但是我发现,当我用一个 sina 邮箱连续发送了几十封邮件给固定的另一个邮箱之后,该 sina  邮箱再想发邮件就会被拒绝,小心哟。

代码如下:

// 邮件
class E_Mail {
	String from;
	String to;
	String subject;
	String content;
	String userName;
	String pwd;

	public E_Mail(String from, String to, String subject, 
			String content, String userName, String pwd) {
		this.from = from;
		this.to = to;
		this.subject = subject;
		this.content = content;
		this.userName = this.toBASE64(userName);
		this.pwd = this.toBASE64(pwd);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 在 E_Mail 类中进行用户名、密码的转码工作
	 */
	private String toBASE64(String str) {
		return (new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode(str.getBytes()));		
	}
}
// 简单的邮件发送端类,实现发送功能
public class SimpleMailSender {
	private String smtpServer;
	private int port = 25;

	private Socket socket;
	BufferedReader br;
	PrintWriter pw;
	
	/**
	 * 根据发件人的邮箱地址确定SMTP邮件服务器 
	 */
	private void initServer(String from) {
		if(from.contains("@163")) {
			this.smtpServer = "smtp.163.com";
		}else if(from.contains("@126")) {
			this.smtpServer = "smtp.126.com";
		}else if(from.contains("@sina")) {
			this.smtpServer = "smtp.sina.com";
		}else if(from.contains("@qq")) {
			this.smtpServer = "smtp.qq.com";
		}
	}

	public void sendEmail(E_Mail email) {
		try {
			this.initServer(email.from);
			
			this.socket = new Socket(smtpServer, port);
			this.br = this.getReader(socket);
			this.pw = this.getWriter(socket);
			
			// 开始组装发送邮件的命令序列
			send_Receive(null);		// 接收连接SMTP服务器成功的信息
			send_Receive("ehlo hao");
			send_Receive("auth login");
			send_Receive(email.userName);
			send_Receive(email.pwd);
			send_Receive("mail from:<" + email.from + ">");
			send_Receive("rcpt to:<" + email.to + ">");
			send_Receive("data");
			
			// 邮件内容
			pw.println("from:" + email.from);
			pw.println("to:" + email.to);
			// 主题与正文之间一定要空一行,即加上"\r\n"
			pw.println("subject:" + email.subject + "\r\n");
			
			// 在控制台打印邮件内容
			System.out.println("from:" + email.from);
			System.out.println("to:" + email.to);			
			System.out.println("subject:" + email.subject + "\r\n");
			System.out.println(email.content);
			
			// 邮件正文
			pw.println(email.content);
			
			// 一定记得正文以"."结束
			send_Receive(".");
			send_Receive("quit");
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				if (socket != null)
					socket.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 *  每发送一条命令,必须在命令后面加上"\r\n",
	 *  则同时打印出smtp邮件服务器的相应状态码
	 * @param command
	 */
	private void send_Receive(String command) throws IOException{
		if(command != null) {
			// 向SMTP邮件服务器发送命令,一定要记得加上"\r\n"
			pw.print(command + "\r\n");
			pw.flush();
			System.out.println("用户 >> " + command);
		}
		
		char [] response = new char[1024];
			br.read(response);
			System.out.println(response);
	}

	/**
	 * 获取 Socket 的输出流
	 */
	private PrintWriter getWriter(Socket socket) throws IOException {
		OutputStream socketOut = socket.getOutputStream();
		return new PrintWriter(socketOut, true);
	}

	/**
	 * 获取 Socket 的输入流
	 */
	private BufferedReader getReader(Socket socket) throws IOException {
		InputStream socketIn = socket.getInputStream();
		return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socketIn));
	}

	// 测试
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new MailSenderGUI();
	}
}
// 邮件发送程序界面
class MailSenderGUI extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
	private JLabel userNameLabel;
	private JTextField userNameField;
	private JLabel pwdLabel;
	private JPasswordField  pwdField;
	private JLabel fromLabel;
	private JTextField fromField;
	private JLabel toLabel;
	private JTextField toField;
	private JLabel subjectLabel;
	private JTextField subjectField;
	private JLabel contentLabel;
	private JTextArea contentArea;

	private JButton sendBtn;
	private JButton cancelBtn;

	private E_Mail email;

	private SimpleMailSender mailSender;

	public MailSenderGUI() {
		this.init();
		this.mailSender = new SimpleMailSender();
	}

	private void init() {
		this.fromLabel = new JLabel("发件人邮箱地址:");
		this.fromField = new JTextField(25);
		this.userNameLabel = new JLabel("用户名:");
		this.userNameField = new JTextField(25);
		this.pwdLabel = new JLabel("密码:");
		this.pwdField = new JPasswordField(25);
		this.toLabel = new JLabel("收件人邮箱地址:");
		this.toField = new JTextField(25);
		this.subjectLabel = new JLabel("邮件主题:");
		this.subjectField = new JTextField(20);
		this.contentLabel = new JLabel("邮件正文:");
		this.contentArea = new JTextArea(15, 20);

		this.setTitle("蚂蚁-->简单邮件发送器");
		this.setBounds(200, 30, 500, 500);
		this.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
		this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		this.setVisible(true);

		this.sendBtn = new JButton("发送");
		this.cancelBtn = new JButton("重置");

		this.sendBtn.addActionListener(this);
		this.cancelBtn.addActionListener(this);
		
		JPanel upPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(6, 2, 5, 5));
		upPanel.add(fromLabel);
		upPanel.add(fromField);
		upPanel.add(userNameLabel);
		upPanel.add(userNameField);
		upPanel.add(pwdLabel);
		upPanel.add(pwdField);
		upPanel.add(toLabel);
		upPanel.add(toField);
		upPanel.add(subjectLabel);
		upPanel.add(subjectField);
		upPanel.add(contentLabel);
		
		this.add(upPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);		
		this.add(contentArea, BorderLayout.CENTER);
		
		JPanel downPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
		downPanel.add(sendBtn, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
		downPanel.add(cancelBtn, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
		
		this.add(downPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
	}

	@Override
	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
		if (e.getSource() == this.sendBtn) {
			this.email = new E_Mail(
					this.fromField.getText(),
					this.toField.getText(), 
					this.subjectField.getText(),
					this.contentArea.getText(),
					this.userNameField.getText(),
					new String(this.pwdField.getPassword())
					);

			this.mailSender.sendEmail(this.email);

		} else if (e.getSource() == this.cancelBtn) {
			this.fromField.setText(null);
			this.toField.setText(null);
			this.subjectField.setText(null);
			this.contentArea.setText(null);
		}

	}
}