开发中我们会使用到第三方的SDK,有的时候也会将整个系统的公用的功能的抽象出来成为FrameWork,我们只需要暴露对外的接口,使用者只需要调用接口,对于内部实现的过程不需要维护,可以以库的形式进行封装,只暴露出头文件。库(FrameWork)是编译好的二进制文件,编译的时候只需要 Link 一下,提高浪费编译时间,库分为静态库和动态库。
基础知识
静态库即静态链接库(Windows 下的 .lib,Linux 和 Mac 下的 .a)。之所以叫做静态,是因为静态库在编译的时候会被直接拷贝一份,复制到目标程序里,这段代码在目标程序里就不会再改变了。静态库的好处很明显,编译完成之后,库文件实际上就没有作用了。目标程序没有外部依赖,直接就可以运行。当然其缺点也很明显,就是会使用目标程序的体积增大。
动态库动态库即动态链接库(Windows 下的 .dll,Linux 下的 .so,Mac 下的 .dylib)。与静态库相反,动态库在编译时并不会被拷贝到目标程序中,目标程序中只会存储指向动态库的引用。等到程序运行时,动态库才会被真正加载进来。动态库的优点是,不需要拷贝到目标程序中,不会影响目标程序的体积,而且同一份库可以被多个程序使用(因为这个原因,动态库也被称作共享库)。同时,编译时才载入的特性,也可以让我们随时对库进行替换,而不需要重新编译代码。动态库带来的问题主要是,动态载入会带来一部分性能损失,使用动态库也会使得程序依赖于外部环境。如果环境缺少动态库或者库的版本不正确,就会导致程序无法运行(Linux 下喜闻乐见的 lib not found 错误)。
动态库
xCode6之后制作动态库相比之前简单很多,xCode7基本上沿袭了xCode6的操作,细节方面有差别。在 iOS 8 之前,iOS 平台不支持使用动态 Framework,开发者可以使用的 Framework 只有苹果基础的 UIKit.Framework,Foundation.Framework 等。iOS 8/Xcode 6 推出之后,iOS 平台添加了动态库的支持,同时 Xcode 6 也原生自带了 Framework 支持(动态和静态都可以),iOS8多了 Extension ,Extension 和 App 是两个分开的可执行文件,同时需要共享代码,这种情况下动态库的支持就是必不可少的了。但是这种动态 Framework 和系统的 UIKit.Framework 还是有很大区别。系统的 Framework 不需要拷贝到目标程序中,我们自己做出来的 Framework 哪怕是动态的,最后也还是要拷贝到 App 中(App 和 Extension 的 Bundle 是共享的),因此苹果又把这种 Framework 称为Embedded FrameWork.
1.新建动态库File→New→Target→Cocoa Touch FrameWork:
2.项目名称DynamicLibrary,同时我们新建两个测试文件FEUIImage,TestImage:
3.在Dynamic.h中导入头文件:
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#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
//! Project version number for DynamicLibrary.
FOUNDATION_EXPORT
double
DynamicLibraryVersionNumber;
//! Project version string for DynamicLibrary.
FOUNDATION_EXPORT
const
unsigned
char
DynamicLibraryVersionString[];
// In this header, you should import all the public headers of your framework using statements like #import <DynamicLibrary/PublicHeader.h>
#import <DynamicLibrary/FEUIImage.h>
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4.将FEUIImage和TestImage设置为Public供外部访问:
5.cmb+b编译项目,编辑成功之后将项目移动到项目中进行测试:
6.通过FEDevice项目找到编译之后的DynamicLibrary.framwork文件
通用动态库
我们将上面的DynamicLibrary.framework移动的其他项目中是可以直接使用的,但是运行的时候会出错, 错误信息如下:
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Undefined symbols
for
architecture x86_64:
"_OBJC_CLASS_$_FEUIImage"
, referenced
from
:
objc-
class
-
ref
in
ViewController.o
ld: symbol(s) not found
for
architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
|
错误信息跟动态的指令集和目标项目的指令集版本有关系,我们可以简单的了解下Achitectures和设备之间的关系,iPhone一直以来都是Arm处理器,Arm是处理器是移动设备上占用率最大的处理器。 在iOS模拟器上运行的是x86指令集,只有在真机上才会执行arm指令集,每个指令集对应不同的机型设置:
都是arm处理器的指令集。通常指令是向下兼容的。在模拟器运行时,iOS模拟器运行的是x86指令集。只有在真机上,才会对执行arm指令集。
armv6:iPhone,iPhone 2G/3G,iPod 1G/2G,xCode4.5已经不支持armv6指令集;
armv7 :iPhone 3GS,iPhone4,iPhone 4s,iPad,iPad2,iPad3(The New iPad),iPad mini,iPod Touch 3G,iPod Touch4,由于iPhone4s的占有率,目前是指令集的最低版本;
armv7s:iPhone5, iPhone5C,iPad4和iPod5;
arm64:iPhone5s,iPhone6,iPhone6 Plus,iPad Air,iPad mini2(iPad mini with Retina Display),iPhone6s,iPhone6s Plus
我们可以通过lipo命令查看发现i386是mac版指令集:
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lipo -info DynamicLibrary.framework/DynamicLibrary
Non-fat file: DynamicLibrary.framework/DynamicLibrary
is
architecture: i386
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1.如果用真机调试的话,同样会发生程序错误,所以需要将同样的代码同时支持模拟器和真机,两份库聚合一下,回到DynamicLibrary.frameWork项目,通过File→New→Target→Other→Aggregate:
2.执行编译脚本地址,先选中DynamicLibrary-Universal,添加脚本地址:
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/${PROJECT_DIR}/DynamicLibrary/ios-framework-universal-script.sh
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3.设置脚本内容,同时设置DynamicLibrary-Universal的依赖项(Target Dependencies)为DynamicLibrary:
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#!/bin/sh
# ios-build-framework-script.sh
# DynamicLibrary 博客园-FlyElephant
# 博客园:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaofeixiang/
# Created by keso on 16/1/17.
# Copyright © 2016年 FlyElephant. All rights reserved.
set
-e
set
+u
### Avoid recursively calling this script.
if
[[ $UF_MASTER_SCRIPT_RUNNING ]]
then
exit 0
fi
set
-u
export UF_MASTER_SCRIPT_RUNNING=1
### Constants.
UF_TARGET_NAME=${PROJECT_NAME}
FRAMEWORK_VERSION=
"A"
UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER=${BUILD_DIR}/${CONFIGURATION}-universal
IPHONE_DEVICE_BUILD_DIR=${BUILD_DIR}/${CONFIGURATION}-iphoneos
IPHONE_SIMULATOR_BUILD_DIR=${BUILD_DIR}/${CONFIGURATION}-iphonesimulator
### Functions
## List files in the specified directory, storing to the specified array.
#
# @param $1 The path to list
# @param $2 The name of the array to fill
#
##
list_files ()
{
filelist=$(ls
"$1"
)
while
read line
do
eval
"$2[\${#$2[*]}]=\"\$line\""
done <<<
"$filelist"
}
### Take build target.
if
[[
"$SDK_NAME"
=~ ([A-Za-z]+) ]]
then
SF_SDK_PLATFORM=${BASH_REMATCH[1]} #
"iphoneos"
or
"iphonesimulator"
.
else
echo
"Could not find platform name from SDK_NAME: $SDK_NAME"
exit 1
fi
### Build simulator platform. (i386, x86_64)
echo
"========== Build Simulator Platform =========="
echo
"===== Build Simulator Platform: i386 ====="
xcodebuild -project
"${PROJECT_FILE_PATH}"
-target
"${TARGET_NAME}"
-configuration
"${CONFIGURATION}"
-sdk iphonesimulator BUILD_DIR=
"${BUILD_DIR}"
OBJROOT=
"${OBJROOT}"
BUILD_ROOT=
"${BUILD_ROOT}"
CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR=
"${IPHONE_SIMULATOR_BUILD_DIR}/i386"
SYMROOT=
"${SYMROOT}"
ARCHS=
'i386'
VALID_ARCHS=
'i386'
$ACTION
echo
"===== Build Simulator Platform: x86_64 ====="
xcodebuild -project
"${PROJECT_FILE_PATH}"
-target
"${TARGET_NAME}"
-configuration
"${CONFIGURATION}"
-sdk iphonesimulator BUILD_DIR=
"${BUILD_DIR}"
OBJROOT=
"${OBJROOT}"
BUILD_ROOT=
"${BUILD_ROOT}"
CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR=
"${IPHONE_SIMULATOR_BUILD_DIR}/x86_64"
SYMROOT=
"${SYMROOT}"
ARCHS=
'x86_64'
VALID_ARCHS=
'x86_64'
$ACTION
### Build device platform. (armv7, arm64)
echo
"========== Build Device Platform =========="
echo
"===== Build Device Platform: armv7 ====="
xcodebuild -project
"${PROJECT_FILE_PATH}"
-target
"${TARGET_NAME}"
-configuration
"${CONFIGURATION}"
-sdk iphoneos BUILD_DIR=
"${BUILD_DIR}"
OBJROOT=
"${OBJROOT}"
BUILD_ROOT=
"${BUILD_ROOT}"
CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR=
"${IPHONE_DEVICE_BUILD_DIR}/armv7"
SYMROOT=
"${SYMROOT}"
ARCHS=
'armv7 armv7s'
VALID_ARCHS=
'armv7 armv7s'
$ACTION
echo
"===== Build Device Platform: arm64 ====="
xcodebuild -project
"${PROJECT_FILE_PATH}"
-target
"${TARGET_NAME}"
-configuration
"${CONFIGURATION}"
-sdk iphoneos BUILD_DIR=
"${BUILD_DIR}"
OBJROOT=
"${OBJROOT}"
BUILD_ROOT=
"${BUILD_ROOT}"
CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR=
"${IPHONE_DEVICE_BUILD_DIR}/arm64"
SYMROOT=
"${SYMROOT}"
ARCHS=
'arm64'
VALID_ARCHS=
'arm64'
$ACTION
### Build device platform. (arm64, armv7)
echo
"========== Build Universal Platform =========="
## Copy the framework structure to the universal folder (clean it first).
rm -rf
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}"
mkdir -p
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}"
## Copy the last product files of xcodebuild command.
cp -R
"${IPHONE_DEVICE_BUILD_DIR}/arm64/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework"
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework"
### Smash them together to combine all architectures.
lipo -create
"${BUILD_DIR}/${CONFIGURATION}-iphonesimulator/i386/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/${PROJECT_NAME}"
"${BUILD_DIR}/${CONFIGURATION}-iphonesimulator/x86_64/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/${PROJECT_NAME}"
"${BUILD_DIR}/${CONFIGURATION}-iphoneos/armv7/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/${PROJECT_NAME}"
"${BUILD_DIR}/${CONFIGURATION}-iphoneos/arm64/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/${PROJECT_NAME}"
-output
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/${PROJECT_NAME}"
### Create standard structure for framework.
#
# If we don't have "Info.plist -> Versions/Current/Resources/Info.plist", we may get error when use this framework.
#
# MyFramework.framework
# |-- MyFramework -> Versions/Current/MyFramework
# |-- Headers -> Versions/Current/Headers
# |-- Resources -> Versions/Current/Resources
# |-- Info.plist -> Versions/Current/Resources/Info.plist
# `-- Versions
# |-- A
# | |-- MyFramework
# | |-- Headers
# | | `-- MyFramework.h
# | `-- Resources
# | |-- Info.plist
# | |-- MyViewController.nib
# | `-- en.lproj
# | `-- InfoPlist.strings
# `-- Current -> A
#
echo
"========== Create Standard Structure =========="
mkdir -p
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/Versions/${FRAMEWORK_VERSION}/"
mv
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/${PROJECT_NAME}"
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/Versions/${FRAMEWORK_VERSION}/"
mv
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/Headers"
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/Versions/${FRAMEWORK_VERSION}/"
mkdir -p
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/Resources"
declare -a UF_FILE_LIST
list_files
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/"
UF_FILE_LIST
for
file_name
in
"${UF_FILE_LIST[@]}"
do
if
[[
"${file_name}"
==
"Info.plist"
]] || [[
"${file_name}"
=~ .*\.lproj$ ]]
then
mv
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/${file_name}"
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/Resources/"
fi
done
mv
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/Resources"
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/Versions/${FRAMEWORK_VERSION}/"
ln -sfh
"Versions/Current/Resources/Info.plist"
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/Info.plist"
ln -sfh
"${FRAMEWORK_VERSION}"
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/Versions/Current"
ln -sfh
"Versions/Current/${PROJECT_NAME}"
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/${PROJECT_NAME}"
ln -sfh
"Versions/Current/Headers"
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/Headers"
ln -sfh
"Versions/Current/Resources"
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}/${PROJECT_NAME}.framework/Resources"
### Open the universal folder.
open
"${UNIVERSAL_OUTPUTFOLDER}"
|
上面的脚本内容在脚本执行的过程中,会依次编译出支持 i386、x86_64、arm64、armv7、armv7s 的包,然后把各个包中的库文件通过 lipo 工具合并为一个支持各平台的通用库文件,再基于最后一个 xcodebuild 命令打出的包的结构(arm64/DynamicLibrary.framework)和这个通用库文件生成一个支持各个平台的通用 Framwork;最后编译之后会弹出framework的位置:
4.设置了通用库之后,还需要在Genral下Embedded Binaries添加一下动态库:
静态库
动态 Framework 是开发中优先考虑的代码打包方式,但是为了兼容一些低版本系统对动态库的限制,我们需要打包静态库来使用,实现起来比较简单,在原有的DynamicLibrary项目 Build Settings 下设置 Mach-O Type 值为 Static Library,可以编译出静态库。
设置为静态库之后动态库的最后一步Embedded Binaries就不用再添加了,如果已经添加建议删除~
本文转自Fly_Elephant博客园博客,原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaofeixiang/p/5137390.html,如需转载请自行联系原作者