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ORACLE 11g RAC TNS无法正常登陆之ORA-12537&ORA-01017&SP2-0157

2016-11-23 1301
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简介：     2016年11月21日，一同事安装ORACLE 11g rac for hpunix时，安装流程出错：grid软件已经安装，oracle软件已经安装，在oracle使用dbca建库时，找不到数据库安装的共享磁盘， 经查后发现，oracle用户没有asmadm...
    2016年11月21日，一同事安装ORACLE 11g rac for hpunix时，安装流程出错：grid软件已经安装，oracle软件已经安装，在oracle使用dbca建库时，找不到数据库安装的共享磁盘，
经查后发现，oracle用户没有asmadmin附加组，于是将oracle用户拉入asmadmin组（2个节点的oracle用户附加组的顺序已经不对应），然后完成dbca的建库操作，安装完成后，集群
正常启动，监听正常，数据库正常打开，在本地sys、system和普通用户能使用操作系统验证登录数据库，但是，配置完TNS连接后，通过tnsping测试连接串能正常使用，然而无论是
sys、system还是其他普通的用户都无法通过TNS连接登录数据库。这意味着虽然ORACLE 11G rac for hpunix搭建好了，但是却废了，因为应用程序无法通过网络进行连接。经过详细
检查，发现oracle用户的$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle文件的权限与正常集群的权限不一致，以下就是修改oracle文件权限，纠正集群安装错误的模拟过程。
   正常情况下$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle的权限是6751
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ pwd
/u01/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db/bin
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ ls -l oracle
-rwsr-s--x. 1 oracle asmadmin 239626641 9月  14 09:36 oracle
[oracle@rac1 bin]$

[oracle@rac2 bin]$ pwd
/u01/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db/bin
[oracle@rac2 bin]$ ls -l oracle
-rwsr-s--x. 1 oracle asmadmin 239626641 9月  14 09:57 oracle
[oracle@rac2 bin]$
   正常情况下集群状态：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ crs_stat -t -v
Name           Type           R/RA   F/FT   Target    State     Host        
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ARCHDG.dg  ora....up.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.CRSDG.dg   ora....up.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.DATADG.dg  ora....up.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....N2.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.asm        ora.asm.type   0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.cvu        ora.cvu.type   0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.gsd        ora.gsd.type   0/5    0/     OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora....network ora....rk.type 1/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.oc4j       ora.oc4j.type  0/1    0/2    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.ons        ora.ons.type   0/3    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.orcl.db    ora....se.type 0/2    0/1    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....SM1.asm application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....C1.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.rac1.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora.rac1.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.rac1.vip   ora....t1.type 0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....SM2.asm application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....C2.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.rac2.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora.rac2.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.rac2.vip   ora....t1.type 0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....ry.acfs ora....fs.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.scan1.vip  ora....ip.type 0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.scan2.vip  ora....ip.type 0/0    1/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
[grid@rac1 ~]$ 
   TNS配置：
[oracle@rac2 admin]$ ls
samples  shrept.lst  tnsnames.ora
[oracle@rac2 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racscan)(PORT = 1621))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )
[oracle@rac2 admin]$
    正常情况下测试TNS配置可用性：
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ tnsping orcl
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 14-SEP-2016 20:57:50
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racscan)(PORT = 1621)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (10 msec)
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ sqlplus zhul/zhul@orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Sep 14 20:58:00 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> 
通过sqlplus zhul/zhul@orcl正常登陆数据库，说明当前11.2.0.4的rac集群数据库一切正常，能对外提供正常的数据库服务。
   模拟故障过程：
   首先，root用户关闭集群
[root@rac1 bin]# ls -l crsctl
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root oinstall 8662 9月  14 08:47 crsctl
[root@rac1 bin]# ./crsctl stop crs
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.CRSDG.dg' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.orcl.db' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cvu' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cvu' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cvu' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cvu' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.orcl.db' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ARCHDG.dg' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.DATADG.dg' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.DATADG.dg' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ARCHDG.dg' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.CRSDG.dg' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ons' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ons' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.net1.network' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.net1.network' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2792: Shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'rac1' has completed
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crsd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crf' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crf' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac1' has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.
[root@rac1 bin]# 

[root@rac2 bin]# ./crsctl stop crs
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.CRSDG.dg' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.orcl.db' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.rac2.vip' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cvu' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cvu' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.rac2.vip' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.scan1.vip' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.scan2.vip' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.orcl.db' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ARCHDG.dg' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.DATADG.dg' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.scan2.vip' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.DATADG.dg' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ARCHDG.dg' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.scan1.vip' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.CRSDG.dg' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ons' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ons' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.net1.network' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.net1.network' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2792: Shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'rac2' has completed
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crsd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crf' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crf' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac2' has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.
[root@rac2 bin]# 
    以上操作说明正常情况下，root用户能正常关闭集群。
   修改$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle的权限为故障时的权限：2551，两个节点都要改，否则root启停集群的时候会由于权限不足无法启动集群。
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ ls -l oracle
-r-xr-s--x. 1 oracle asmadmin 239626641 9月  14 09:36 oracle
[oracle@rac1 bin]$

[oracle@rac2 bin]$ ls -l oracle
-r-xr-s--x. 1 oracle asmadmin 239626641 9月  14 09:57 oracle
[oracle@rac2 bin]$
    两个节点的root启动集群：
[root@rac1 bin]# ./crsctl start crs
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
[root@rac1 bin]#

[root@rac2 bin]# ./crsctl start crs
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
[root@rac2 bin]# 
    两个节点grid检查集群状态，通过grid查看集群服务都正常：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ crs_stat -t -v
Name           Type           R/RA   F/FT   Target    State     Host        
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ARCHDG.dg  ora....up.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.CRSDG.dg   ora....up.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.DATADG.dg  ora....up.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....N2.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.asm        ora.asm.type   0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.cvu        ora.cvu.type   0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.gsd        ora.gsd.type   0/5    0/     OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora....network ora....rk.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.oc4j       ora.oc4j.type  0/1    0/2    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.ons        ora.ons.type   0/3    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.orcl.db    ora....se.type 0/2    0/1    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....SM1.asm application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....C1.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.rac1.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora.rac1.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.rac1.vip   ora....t1.type 0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....SM2.asm application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....C2.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.rac2.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora.rac2.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.rac2.vip   ora....t1.type 0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....ry.acfs ora....fs.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.scan1.vip  ora....ip.type 0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.scan2.vip  ora....ip.type 0/0    1/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
[grid@rac1 ~]$ 

[grid@rac2 ~]$ crs_stat -t
Name           Type           Target    State     Host        
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ARCHDG.dg  ora....up.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.CRSDG.dg   ora....up.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.DATADG.dg  ora....up.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....N2.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.asm        ora.asm.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.cvu        ora.cvu.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.gsd        ora.gsd.type   OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora....network ora....rk.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.oc4j       ora.oc4j.type  ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.ons        ora.ons.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.orcl.db    ora....se.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....SM1.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....C1.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.rac1.gsd   application    OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora.rac1.ons   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.rac1.vip   ora....t1.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....SM2.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....C2.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.rac2.gsd   application    OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora.rac2.ons   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.rac2.vip   ora....t1.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....ry.acfs ora....fs.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.scan1.vip  ora....ip.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.scan2.vip  ora....ip.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
[grid@rac2 ~]$
    接下来测试TNS连接可用性，
 [oracle@rac1 bin]$ tnsping orcl
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 14-SEP-2016 21:14:01
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racscan)(PORT = 1621)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (10 msec)
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Sep 14 21:14:06 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ sqlplus zhul/zhul
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Sep 14 21:21:35 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> 

[oracle@rac1 bin]$ sqlplus zhul/zhul@orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Sep 14 21:14:14 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12537: TNS:connection closed
Enter user-name: 
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
Enter user-name: 
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ 
故障模拟下，故障现象终于重现，不考虑$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle文件的权限，集群服务包括crs、监听、数据库都是正常的，sys、system、普通用户操作系统验证模式均可登陆，
但是，唯独TNS连接时即采用网络连接就拒绝登录，报的错还很诡异：连接关闭和用户名或密码错误，其实这时已经不是环境变量的问题了（因为正常情况下已经测试过了，环境变量没问题）。
   接下来，将$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle的权限改过来：6751；需要注意的是，两个节点都要改，改之前两个节点的root停掉集群，否则先改后重启集群会由于权限不足无法停止集群。
   两个节点root停rac集群：
[root@rac1 bin]# ./crsctl stop crs
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.CRSDG.dg' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.orcl.db' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cvu' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cvu' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cvu' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cvu' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.orcl.db' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ARCHDG.dg' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.DATADG.dg' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.DATADG.dg' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ARCHDG.dg' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.CRSDG.dg' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ons' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ons' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.net1.network' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.net1.network' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2792: Shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'rac1' has completed
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crsd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crf' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crf' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac1' has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.
[root@rac1 bin]# ./crsctl start crs
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
[root@rac1 bin]# ./crsctl stop crs
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cvu' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.CRSDG.dg' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.orcl.db' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cvu' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cvu' on 'rac2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cvu' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.orcl.db' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ARCHDG.dg' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.DATADG.dg' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ARCHDG.dg' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.DATADG.dg' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.CRSDG.dg' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ons' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ons' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.net1.network' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.net1.network' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2792: Shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'rac1' has completed
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crsd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crf' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crf' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac1' has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.
[root@rac1 bin]# 

[root@rac2 bin]# ./crsctl stop crs
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cvu' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.CRSDG.dg' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.orcl.db' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cvu' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.rac1.vip' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.scan1.vip' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.scan2.vip' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.rac2.vip' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.orcl.db' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ARCHDG.dg' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.DATADG.dg' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.scan1.vip' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.DATADG.dg' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ARCHDG.dg' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.rac2.vip' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.scan2.vip' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.oc4j' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.CRSDG.dg' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ons' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ons' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.net1.network' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.net1.network' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2792: Shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'rac2' has completed
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crsd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crf' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crf' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac2' succeeded
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac2' has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.
[root@rac2 bin]#
   修改将$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle的权限：6751
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ ls -l oracle
-rwsr-s--x. 1 oracle asmadmin 239626641 9月  14 09:36 oracle
[oracle@rac1 bin]$

[oracle@rac2 bin]$ ls -l oracle
-rwsr-s--x. 1 oracle asmadmin 239626641 9月  14 09:57 oracle
[oracle@rac2 bin]$
    两个节点root启动rac集群：
[root@rac1 bin]# ./crsctl start crs
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
[root@rac1 bin]#

[root@rac2 bin]# ./crsctl start crs
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
[root@rac2 bin]# 
    RAC集群状态：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ crs_stat -t -v
Name           Type           R/RA   F/FT   Target    State     Host        
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ARCHDG.dg  ora....up.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.CRSDG.dg   ora....up.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.DATADG.dg  ora....up.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1              
ora....N2.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.asm        ora.asm.type   0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.cvu        ora.cvu.type   0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.gsd        ora.gsd.type   0/5    0/     OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora....network ora....rk.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.oc4j       ora.oc4j.type  0/1    0/2    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.ons        ora.ons.type   0/3    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.orcl.db    ora....se.type 0/2    0/1    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....SM1.asm application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....C1.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.rac1.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora.rac1.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.rac1.vip   ora....t1.type 0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....SM2.asm application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....C2.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.rac2.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora.rac2.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.rac2.vip   ora....t1.type 0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....ry.acfs ora....fs.type 0/5    0/     ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.scan1.vip  ora....ip.type 0/0    1/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.scan2.vip  ora....ip.type 0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
[grid@rac1 ~]$ 

[grid@rac2 ~]$ crs_stat -t
Name           Type           Target    State     Host        
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ARCHDG.dg  ora....up.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.CRSDG.dg   ora....up.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.DATADG.dg  ora....up.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1           
ora....N2.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.asm        ora.asm.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.cvu        ora.cvu.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.gsd        ora.gsd.type   OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora....network ora....rk.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.oc4j       ora.oc4j.type  ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.ons        ora.ons.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.orcl.db    ora....se.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....SM1.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....C1.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.rac1.gsd   application    OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora.rac1.ons   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.rac1.vip   ora....t1.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....SM2.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....C2.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.rac2.gsd   application    OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora.rac2.ons   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.rac2.vip   ora....t1.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....ry.acfs ora....fs.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.scan1.vip  ora....ip.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.scan2.vip  ora....ip.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
[grid@rac2 ~]$ 
    oracle测试TNS可用性：
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ tnsping orcl
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 14-SEP-2016 21:50:03
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racscan)(PORT = 1621)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (10 msec)
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Sep 14 21:50:11 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ sqlplus zhul/zhul@orcl
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Sep 14 21:50:17 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ 
通过TNS测试，RAC集群一切恢复正常。

附言：linux/unix系统中的特殊权限s（参考http://mycode0000.blog.163.com/blog/static/220882156201392975945154/）

特殊权限的介绍
Set UID

当s这个标志出现在文件所有者的x权限上时，如/usr/bin/passwd这个文件的权限状态：“-rwsr-xr-x.”，此时就被称为Set UID，简称为SUID。那么这个特殊权限的特殊性的作用是什么呢？
1、SUID权限仅对二进制程序(binary program)有效；
2、执行者对于该程序需要具有x的可执行权限；
3、本权限仅在执行该程序的过程中有效(run-time)；
4、执行者将具有该程序拥有者(owner)的权限。
SUID的目的就是：让本来没有相应权限的用户运行这个程序时，可以访问他没有权限访问的资源。
SGID

当s这个标志出现在文件的所属用户组x位置上的话，就是SGID，如-r-xr-sr-x. 1 root tty 10932 Apr 27  2010 /usr/bin/wall
那么SGID的功能是什么呢？和SUID一样，只是SGID是获得该程序所属用户组的权限。
这相SGID有几点需要我们注意：
1、SGID对二进制程序有用；
2、程序执行者对于该程序来说，需具备x的权限；
3、SGID主要用在目录上；
Sticky Bit这个就是针对others来设置的了，和上面两个一样，只是功能不同而已。

SBIT（Sticky Bit）目前只针对目录有效，对于目录的作用是：当用户在该目录下建立文件或目录时，仅有自己与 root才有权力删除。
最具有代表的就是/tmp目录，任何人都可以在/tmp内增加、修改文件（因为权限全是rwx），但仅有该文件/目录建立者与 root能够删除自己的目录或文件。

s和rwx一样，也有两种方式，一种是以字符，一种是以数字。
4 为 SUID ＝ u+s
2 为 SGID ＝ g+s
1 为 SBIT ＝ o+t


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