 
 MySQL多实例管理（mysqld_multi） 

 
   官方文档：  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/multiple-servers.html
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/mysqld-multi.html

 1.MySQL多实例介绍

 
 1.1.什么是MySQL多实例 

 
 MySQL多实例就是在一台机器上开启多个不同的服务端口（如：3306,3307），运行多个MySQL服务进程，通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供各自的服务:； 

 
 1.2.MySQL多实例的特点有以下几点 

 
 1：有效利用服务器资源，当单个服务器资源有剩余时，可以充分利用剩余的资源提供更多的服务。 

 
 2：节约服务器资源 

 
 3：资源互相抢占问题，当某个服务实例服务并发很高时或者开启慢查询时，会消耗更多的内存、CPU、磁盘IO资源，导致服务器上的其他实例提供服务的质量下降； 

 
 1.3.部署mysql多实例的两种方式 

 
 第一种是使用多个配置文件启动不同的进程来实现多实例，这种方式的优势逻辑简单，配置简单，缺点是管理起来不太方便； 

 
 第二种是通过官方自带的mysqld_multi使用单独的配置文件来实现多实例，这种方式定制每个实例的配置不太方面，优点是管理起来很方便，集中管理； 

 
 1.4.同一开发环境下安装两个数据库，必须处理以下问题 

配置文件安装路径不能相同
数据库目录不能相同
启动脚本不能同名
端口不能相同
socket文件的生成路径不能相同

 
 2.Mysql多实例安装部署 

 
 2.1.部署环境 

 
 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 

 
 2.2.安装mysql软件版本 

 
 2.2.1.免编译二进制包 

 
 mysql-5.6.21-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 

 
 2.3.解压和迁移 

 
 tar -xvf mysql-5.6.21-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 

 
 mv mysql-5.6.21-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql 

 
 2.4.关闭iptables 

 
 临时关闭：service iptables stop  

 
 永久关闭：chkconfig iptables off 

 
 2.5.关闭selinux 

 
 vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux   

 
 将SELINUX修改为DISABLED，即SELINUX=DISABLED  

 
 2.6.创建mysql用户 

 
 groupadd -g 27 mysql 

 
 useradd -u 27 -g mysql mysql 

 
 id mysql 

 
 uid=501(mysql) gid=501(mysql) groups=501(mysql) 

 
 2.7.创建相关目录 

 
 mkdir -p /data/mysql/ {mysql_3306,mysql_3307} 

 
 mkdir /data/mysql/mysql_3306/ {data,log,tmp} 

 
 mkdir /data/mysql/mysql_3307/ {data,log,tmp} 

 
 2.8.更改目录权限 

 
 chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/  

 
 chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ 

 
 2.9. 添加环境变量 

 
 echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >>  /etc/profile  

 
 source /etc/profile   

 
 2.10.复制my.cnf文件到etc目录 

 
 cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf 

 
 2.11.修改my.cnf（在一个文件中修改即可） 

 
 [client]   

 
 port=3306   

 
 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock   

 
 [mysqld_multi]   

 
 mysqld = /usr/local/mysql /bin/mysqld_safe   

 
 mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql /bin/mysqladmin   

 
 log = /data/mysql/mysqld_multi.log   

 
 [mysqld]   

 
 user=mysql   

 
 basedir = /usr/local/mysql   

 
 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES   

 
 [mysqld3306]   

 
 mysqld=mysqld   

 
 mysqladmin=mysqladmin   

 
 datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data   

 
 port=3306   

 
 server_id=3306   

 
 socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock   

 
 log-output=file   

 
 slow_query_log = 1   

 
 long_query_time = 1   

 
 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/log/slow.log   

 
 log-error = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/log/error.log   

 
 binlog_format = mixed   

 
 log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/log/mysql3306_bin   

 
 [mysqld3307]   

 
 mysqld=mysqld   

 
 mysqladmin=mysqladmin   

 
 datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3307/data   

 
 port=3307   

 
 server_id=3307   

 
 socket=/tmp/mysql_3307.sock   

 
 log-output=file   

 
 slow_query_log = 1   

 
 long_query_time = 1   

 
 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql_3307/log/slow.log   

 
 log-error = /data/mysql/mysql_3307/log/error.log   

 
 binlog_format = mixed   

 
 log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql_3307/log/mysql3307_bin 

 
 2.12. 初始化数据库 

 
 2.12.1. 初始化3306数据库  

 
 /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf   

 
 2.12.2. 初始化3307数据库  

 
 /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3307/data --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf   

 
 2.12.3. 检查数据库是否初始化成功 

 
 出现两个”OK” 

 
 2.12.4. 查看数据库是否初始化成功（2） 

 
 查看3306数据库 

 
 [root@mysql ~]# cd /data/mysql/mysql_3306/data 

 
 [root@mysql data]# ls 

 
 auto.cnf  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mysql  mysql.pid  performance_schema  test 

 
 查看3307数据库 

 
 [root@mysql ~]# cd /data/mysql/mysql_3307/data 

 
 [root@mysql data]# ls 

 
 auto.cnf  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mysql  mysql.pid  performance_schema  test 

 
 2.13.设置启动文件 

 
 cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql 

 
 2.14.mysqld_multi进行多实例管理 

 
 启动全部实例：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 

 
 查看全部实例状态：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi report  

 
 启动单个实例：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3306  

 
 停止单个实例：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi stop 3306  

 
 查看单个实例状态：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi report 3306  

 
 2.14.1.启动全部实例 

 
 [root@mysql ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 

 
 [root@mysql ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi report 

 
 Reporting MySQL servers 

 
 MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running 

 
 MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running 

 
 2.15.查看启动进程   

 
 2.16.修改密码 

 
 mysql的root用户初始密码是空，所以需要登录mysql进行修改密码，下面以3306为例：  

 
 mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock    

 
 set password for root@'localhost'=password('123456');  

 
 flush privileges;  

 
 下次登录： 

 
 [root@mysql ~]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock -p 

 
 Enter password: 

 
 2.17.新建用户及授权 

 
 一般新建数据库都需要新增一个用户，用于程序连接，这类用户只需要insert、update、delete、select权限。 

 
 新增一个用户，并授权如下：  

 
 grant select,delete,update,insert on *.* to admin@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123456';  

 
 flush privileges 

 
 2.18.外部软件登录数据库 

 
 2.19.测试成功 

 
 3.源码安装常见报错信息 

 
 1：安装mysql报错 

 
 checking for tgetent in -lncurses... no 

 
 checking for tgetent in -lcurses... no 

 
 checking for tgetent in -ltermcap... no 

 
 checking for tgetent in -ltinfo... no 

 
 checking for termcap functions library... configure: error: No curses/termcap library found 

 
 原因： 

 
 缺少ncurses安装包 

 
 解决方法： 

 
 yum list|grep ncurses 

 
 yum -y install ncurses-devel 

 
 yum install ncurses-devel 

 
 2：.../depcomp: line 571: exec: g++: not found 

 
 make[1]: *** [my_new.o] 错误 127 

 
 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/justme/software/mysql-5.1.30/mysys' 

 
 make: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1 

 
 解决方法： 

 
 yum install gcc-c++ 

 
 3：.../include/my_global.h:909: error: redeclaration of C++ built-in type `bool' 

 
 make[2]: *** [my_new.o] Error 1 

 
 make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/tools/mysql-5.0.22/mysys' 

 
 make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 

 
 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/tools/mysql-5.0.22' 

 
 make: *** [all] Error 2 

 
 是因为gcc-c++是在configure之后安装的，此时只需重新configure后再编译make即可。 

 
 4：初始化数据库报错 

 
 报错现象： 

 
 root@mysql mysql-6.0.11-alpha]# scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --user=mysql 

 
 Installing MySQL system tables... 

 
 ERROR: 1136  Column count doesn't match value count at row 1 

 
 150414  7:15:56 [ERROR] Aborting 

 
 150414  7:15:56 [Warning] Forcing shutdown of 1 plugins 

 
 150414  7:15:56 [Note] /usr/local/mysql//libexec/mysqld: Shutdown complete 

 
 Installation of system tables failed!  Examine the logs in 

 
 /var/lib/mysql for more information. 

 
 You can try to start the mysqld daemon with: 

 
 shell> /usr/local/mysql//libexec/mysqld --skip-grant & 

 
 and use the command line tool /usr/local/mysql//bin/mysql 

 
 to connect to the mysql database and look at the grant tables: 

 
 shell> /usr/local/mysql//bin/mysql -u root mysql 

 
 mysql> show tables 

 
 Try 'mysqld --help' if you have problems with paths.  Using --log 

 
 gives you a log in /var/lib/mysql that may be helpful. 

 
 The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at 

 
 http://www.mysql.com/.  Please consult the MySQL manual section 

 
 'Problems running mysql_install_db', and the manual section that 

 
 describes problems on your OS.  Another information source are the 

 
 MySQL email archives available at http://lists.mysql.com/. 

 
 Please check all of the above before mailing us!  And remember, if 

 
 you do mail us, you MUST use the /usr/local/mysql//scripts/mysqlbug script! 

 
 原因： 

 
 原有安装的mysql信息没有删除干净 

 
 解决方法： 

 
 删除/var/lib/mysql目录 

MySQL 5.7 多实例安装部署实例

1. 背景
MySQL数据库的集中化运维，可以通过在一台服务器上，部署运行多个MySQL服务进程，通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供各自的服务。各个实例之间是相互独立的，每个实例的datadir, port, socket, pid都是不同的。

2. 多实例特点
* 有效利用服务器资源，当单个服务器资源有剩余时，可以充分利用剩余的资源提供更多的服务。
* 资源互相抢占问题，当某个服务实例服务并发很高时或者开启慢查询时，会消耗更多的内存、CPU、磁盘IO资源，导致服务器上的其他实例提供服务的质量下降。

3. 环境 [ 关闭SeLinux ]
[root@MySQL ~]# cat /etc/RedHat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)

[root@MySQL ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64

[root@MySQL ~]# getenforce
Disabled

4. 部署 [ 4个实例 ]
* 下载 MySQL 5.7 二制包 [ 推荐官方下载 ]　此下载版本大于5.7.5
[root@MySQL ~]# wget wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

* 解压 MySQL 5.7 二进制包到指定目录
[root@MySQL ~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

* 创建 MySQL 软链接
[root@MySQL ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

* 创建 MySQL 用户
[root@MySQL ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql

* 在 MySQL 二进制包目录中创建 mysql-files 目录 [MySQL 数据导入/导出数据专放目录]
[root@MySQL ~]# mkdir -v /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
mkdir: created directory `/usr/local/mysql/mysql-files'

* 创建多实例数据目录
[root@MySQL ~]# mkdir -vp /data/mysql_data{1..4}
mkdir: created directory `/data'
mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data1'
mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data2'
mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data3'
mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data4'

* 修改 MySQL 二进制包目录的所属用户与所属组
1 [root@MySQL ~]# chown root.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64

* 修改 MySQL 多实例数据目录与数据导入/导出专放目录的所属用户与所属组
[root@MySQL ~]# chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files /data/mysql_data{1..4}

* 配置 MySQL 配置文件 /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
log = /tmp/mysql_multi.log

[mysqld1]
# 设置数据目录　[多实例中一定要不同]
datadir = /data/mysql_data1
# 设置sock存放文件名　[多实例中一定要不同]
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1
# 设置监听开放端口　[多实例中一定要不同]
port = 3306
# 设置运行用户
user = mysql
# 关闭监控
performance_schema = off
# 设置innodb 缓存大小
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
# 设置监听IP地址
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
# 关闭DNS 反向解析
skip-name-resolve = 0

[mysqld2]
datadir = /data/mysql_data2
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2
port = 3307
user = mysql
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve = 0

[mysqld3]
datadir = /data/mysql_data3
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3
port = 3308
user = mysql
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve = 0

[mysqld4]
datadir = /data/mysql_data4
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4
port = 3309
user = mysql
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve = 0

* 初始化各个实例 [ 初始化完成后会自带随机密码在输出日志中 ]
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data1
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data2
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data3
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data4

* 各实例开启 SSL 连接
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data1
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data2
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data3
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data4

* 复制多实例脚本到服务管理目录下 [ /etc/init.d/ ]
[root@MySQL ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi

* 添加脚本执行权限
[root@MySQL ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi

* 添加进service服务管理
[root@MySQL ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld_multi

5. 启动测试
* 查个多实例状态
[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is not running
MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is not running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is not running
MySQL server from group: mysqld4 is not running

* 启动多实例
[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi start

* 查看多实例状态
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld4 is running

* 查看实例监听端口
[root@MySQL ~]# netstat -lntp | grep mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2673/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2676/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3308 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2679/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3309 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2682/mysqld

6. 连接测试
　 * 实例1
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock1 -p'z+Ilo*>s:3kw'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.18

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

　 * 实例2
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock2 -p'b*AHUrTgu1rl'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.18

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysqld_multi安装多个mysql实例

一个机器上安装多个mysql实例，除了将每个实例在不同的目录下编译安装，为每个实例指定不同的端口，socket，配置文件，安装目录等。还可以使用mysqld_multi方式。

mysqld_multi是mysql设计的专门用来管理不同端口，不同socket的mysql实例的工具。它可以同时启动，停止多个mysql实例，也可以查看这些实例的状态。

mysqld_multi会去配置文件my.cnf(或者是—defaults-file参数指定的配置文件)中检查每一个以[mysqldN]为开头的一组配置(N这里是数字)。这个N是mysqld_multi用来区分每一个mysql实例用的。用法如下：

mysqld_multi start|stop|reload|report N1, N2, N3,… //reload等价于stop和start。

mysqld_multi需要的信息记录在配置文件my.cnf中的[mysqld_multi]组下。

注意，为了能用mysqld_multi统计管理所有的mysql实例，该管理账号必须存在于所有的mysql实例上，而且密码也一致。

以下是我做的测试以及安装步骤：

1、编写配置文件my.cnf，如下：

[root@CentOSMysql1 etc]# cat my.cnf

[mysqld_multi]

mysqld=mysqld_safe

#表示用mysqld_safe来启动mysql

mysqladmin=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

#指定mysqladmin工具的路径

log=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld_multi.log

#指定mysqld_multi的日志文件

user=root

pass=123456

#指定使用mysqld_multi工具的用户和密码

[mysqld3307]

#指定实例编号为3307的一些配置参数

datadir=/opt/data3307

port=3307

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3307

[mysqld3308]

#指定实例编号为3308的一些配置参数

datadir=/opt/data3308

port=3308

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3308

[mysqld56]

#指定实例编号为56的一些配置参数

basedir=/usr/local/mysql56/

datadir=/opt/data56

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock56

port=3310

2、准备安装之前工作

(1)查看是否有mysql用户和mysql组

[root@CentOSMysql1 etc]# cat group |grep mysql

[root@CentOSMysql1 etc]# groupadd mysql

[root@CentOSMysql1 mysql]# cat /etc/passwd|grep mysql

[root@CentOSMysql1 etc]# useradd -g mysql mysql

(2)下载mysql的安装文件。这里我下载的都是linux generic类型的

[root@CentOStest1 opt]# wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.6.19-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@CentOStest1 opt]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

(3)解压这些安装包

[root@CentOSMysql1 opt]# tar -zxf mysql-5.6.34-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@CentOSMysql1 opt]# tar -zxf mysql-5.7.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

3、安装编号为3307的mysql实例，这里我计算用mysql5.7的版本。

[root@CentOSMysql1 opt]#mv mysql-5.7.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local

[root@CentOSMysql1 opt]#cd /usr/local/

[root@CentOSMysql1 local]#ln –s mysql-5.7.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql

[root@CentOSMysql1 local]# cd mysql

[root@CentOSMysql1 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql .

[root@CentOSMysql1 mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data3307

//这条命令执行成功之后，会在结尾打印出临时密码，如下：

2017-12-21T02:08:32.598340Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2017-12-21T02:08:33.002195Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2017-12-21T02:08:33.090315Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.

2017-12-21T02:08:33.179548Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: d898cae9-e5f3-11e7-9e66-000c299323ae.

2017-12-21T02:08:33.181477Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.

2017-12-21T02:08:33.184759Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: L;0/g:XaweYi

[root@CentOSMysql1 mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/opt/data3307

到这里，编号为3307的实例初步安装完毕，还剩下一个步骤就是修改临时密码。改密码之前需要把其所在mysql服务启动起来，这里我们用mysqld_multi启动，先查看下状态，如下：

[root@CentOSMysql1 bin]# mysqld_multi report

-bash: mysqld_multi: command not found

解决方法为将mysqld_multi工具所在的路径添加到环境变量中去：

[root@CentOSMysql1 bin]# vi /etc/profile

//在文件尾部添加以下语句

PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

"/etc/profile" 79L, 1828C written

[root@CentOSMysql1 bin]# source /etc/profile

环境变量生效之后重试

[root@CentOSMysql1 mysql]# mysqld_multi report

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is not running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3308 is not running

MySQL server from group: mysqld56 is not running

[root@CentOSMysql1 mysql]# mysqld_multi start 3307

[root@CentOSMysql1 mysql]# mysqld_multi report

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3308 is not running

MySQL server from group: mysqld56 is not running

可以看到编号3307的mysql实例已经启动，然后修改root密码。因为my.cnf里面配置了root用户的密码是123456，所以现在我们将root的密码改为“123456”:

[root@CentOSMysql1 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock3307

Enter password:

//这里输出刚才安装时出现的临时密码。

mysql> set password=password("123456");

到这里，编号为3307的实例安装完毕。

4、安装编号为3308的mysql实例，这里仍用mysql5.7的版本，但是端口号以及datadir要根据my.cnf中的来。

[root@CentOSMysql1 mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data3308

2017-12-21T02:36:31.294011Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2017-12-21T02:36:31.779696Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2017-12-21T02:36:31.881428Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.

2017-12-21T02:36:31.948774Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: c138a63c-e5f7-11e7-8f7a-000c299323ae.

2017-12-21T02:36:31.950062Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.

2017-12-21T02:36:31.953758Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: whKyXCtxz9;g

//临时密码同样在尾处生成。

[root@CentOSMysql1 mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/opt/data3308

拉起编号3308的mysql实例服务

[root@CentOSMysql1 mysql]# mysqld_multi start 3308

修改编号3308的mysql实例中root用户的密码为“123456”。

[root@CentOSMysql1 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock3308

Enter password:

//这里输出刚才安装时出现的临时密码。

mysql> set password=password("123456");

到这里，编号为3308的实例安装完毕。

5、安装编号为56的mysql实例，这里使用mysql5.6的版本，由安装目录，端口号以及datadir根据my.cnf中的来。

[root@CentOSMysql1 opt]#mv mysql-5.6.34-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local

[root@CentOSMysql1 opt]#cd /usr/local/

[root@CentOSMysql1 local]#ln –s mysql-5.6.34-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql56

[root@CentOSMysql1 local]# cd mysql56

[root@CentOSMysql1 mysql56]# chown -R mysql:mysql .

[root@CentOSMysql1 mysql56]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data56

这一步和mysql5.7有些不一样，不会生成临时密码。Mysql5.6的临时密码默认是空。

[root@CentOSMysql1 local]# mysqld_multi start 56

拉起编号56的mysql实例服务

[root@CentOSMysql1 local]# mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock56

修改编号56的mysql实例中root用户的密码为“123456”。

mysql> set password="123456";

ERROR 1372 (HY000): Password hash should be a 41-digit hexadecimal number

mysql> set password=password("123456");

到这里，编号为56的实例安装完毕。

6、最后，试试用mysqld_multi统一起停所有的mysql实例

[root@CentOSMysql1 ~]# mysqld_multi report

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3308 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld56 is running

[root@CentOSMysql1 ~]# mysqld_multi report

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3308 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld56 is running

[root@CentOSMysql1 ~]# mysqld_multi stop

[root@CentOSMysql1 ~]# mysqld_multi report

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is not running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3308 is not running

MySQL server from group: mysqld56 is not running

[root@CentOSMysql1 ~]# mysqld_multi start

[root@CentOSMysql1 ~]# mysqld_multi report

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3308 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld56 is running

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