利用闪回数据库（flashback）修复Failover后的DG环境

1.1 BLOG文档结构图

1.2 前言部分

1.2.1 导读和注意事项

各位技术爱好者，看完本文后，你可以掌握如下的技能，也可以学到一些其它你所不知道的知识，~O(∩_∩)O~：

① Failover后DG环境的恢复方法（重点）

② DG的基本维护操作

③ GC客户端软件的安装

④ 利用GC快速搭建一套DG环境

⑤ Failover和Switchover的区别

⑥ 其它维护操作

Tips：

① 本文在itpub（http://blog.itpub.net/26736162）、博客园(http://www.cnblogs.com/lhrbest)和微信公众号（xiaomaimiaolhr）上有同步更新。

② 文章中用到的所有代码、相关软件、相关资料及本文的pdf版本都请前往小麦苗的云盘下载，小麦苗的云盘地址见：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1624453/。

③ 若网页文章代码格式有错乱，请下载pdf格式的文档来阅读。

④ 在本篇BLOG中，代码输出部分一般放在一行一列的表格中。

⑤ 本文适合于初中级人员阅读，数据库大师请略过本文。

⑥ 不喜勿喷。

本文若有错误或不完善的地方请大家多多指正，您的批评指正是我写作的最大动力。

1.3 本文简介

10月23和24日考完了OCM，感觉过关的法则就是“真题+多练”，练习过10来遍，基本就可以考过了。OCM的考试内容除了GC这块小麦苗没有接触过，其它内容基本都算熟。基本命令熟记于心，不熟的命令可以立马找到官方文档，善用OEM和SQL Developer工具。所以，想快速通过OCM考试的朋友可以私下联系小麦苗，小麦苗会把自己的经验全都教给大家。

好了，废话不多说了。最近小麦苗的DBA宝典微信群里，有朋会友问到了Failover操作后，如何恢复到最初的DG环境。这个问题，小麦苗大概知道利用闪回可以实现，只是没有做过实验，或者曾经做过实验，只是没有记录文档，反正就是年纪大了，想不起来了。好吧，最近就抽个时间把这个实验做一遍。有不对的地方，依然请大家指出。

1.4 相关知识点扫盲

① 物理DG的Switchover切换：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1753111/

② 物理DG的Failover切换：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1753130/

③ 利用闪回数据库（flashback）修复Failover后的DG环境：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2146883/

④ Switchover和Failover的区别：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2141207/

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第二章实验准备

2.1 实验环境介绍

实验环境为练习OCM的虚拟机环境：

项目	Source DB	Target DB
DB 类型	单机	单机
DB VERSION	11.2.0.3.0	11.2.0.3.0
DB 存储	FS	FS
OS版本及kernel版本	OEL linux 5.4 32	OEL linux 5.4 32
DB_NAME	PROD1	PROD1
ORACLE_SID	PROD1	SBDB1
ORACLE_HOME	/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1	/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
hosts文件	10.190.104.111 edsir4p1.us.oracle.com edsir4p1 10.190.104.28 edsir1p8.us.oracle.com edsir1p8

2.2 实验目标

备库执行FAILOVER后，通过闪回数据库技术重新恢复DG环境，而不用重新搭建DG。

2.3 实验过程

2.4 利用GC快速搭建DG环境

小麦苗手头的DG环境是在一个主机上，测试多有不便，刚好，最近练习OCM的环境还在，就用练习OCM的环境来做这个实验吧。若已经有DG环境的朋友可以略过该小节内容。

2.4.1 安装GC客户端软件

1、起动GC服务器，首先确保EMREP数据库处于OPEN状态，监听也已经启动，GC服务器启动日志为：/u01/app/gc_inst/em/EMGC_OMS1/sysman/log/emctl.log

cd /u01/app/oracle/Middleware/oms11g/bin

./emctl start oms

 
    [oracle@edsir1p8- ~]$ ps -ef|grep pmon 
 oracle    4763     1  0 00:53 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_EMREP 
 oracle   11802 11633  0 01:39 pts/2    00:00:00 grep pmon 
 [oracle@edsir1p8- ~]$ cd /u01/app/ 
 gc_inst/      Middleware/   oracle/       oraInventory/  
 [oracle@edsir1p8- ~]$ cd /u01/app/Middleware/oms11g/bin 
 [oracle@edsir1p8- bin]$ ./emctl start oms 
 Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Release 1 Grid Control   
 Copyright (c) 1996, 2010 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved. 
 Starting WebTier... 
 WebTier Successfully Started 
 Starting Oracle Management Server... 
 Oracle Management Server Successfully Started 
 AdminServer Could Not Be Started 
 Oracle Management Server is Up 
 [oracle@edsir1p8- bin]$ more /etc/hosts 
 # Do not remove the following line, or various programs 
 # that require network functionality will fail. 
 127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain   localhost 
 10.190.104.28   edsir1p8.us.oracle.com  edsir1p8 
 10.190.104.111 edsir4p1.us.oracle.com edsir4p1 
 [oracle@edsir1p8- bin]$ ./emctl status oms -details 
 Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Release 1 Grid Control   
 Copyright (c) 1996, 2010 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved. 
 Enter Enterprise Manager Root (SYSMAN) Password :  
 Console Server Host : edsir1p8.us.oracle.com 
 HTTP Console Port   : 7788 
 HTTPS Console Port  : 7799 
 HTTP Upload Port    : 4889 
 HTTPS Upload Port   : 4900 
 OMS is not configured with SLB or virtual hostname 
 Agent Upload is locked. 
 OMS Console is locked. 
 Active CA ID: 1 
   
 
  

2、安装agent

https://10.190.104.28:4900/agent_download/ 从这里下载

右键保存到桌面。

a、在需要安装agent的机器上mkdir /u01/app/agentbase 创建目录，并将agentDownload.linux文件cp到/u01/app/agentbase目录下，并且赋予可执行权限。

b、在服务端OMS启动的情况下，在客户端执行：

./agentDownload.linux -b /u01/app/agentbase -m edsir1p8.us.oracle.com -r 7799 -y

安装过程中要输入偶数机上OMS的密码

c、安装完成要用root执行：

[root@edsir4p1 ~]# sudo /u01/app/agentbase/agent11g/root.sh

没有root密码要使用sudo执行，注意：一定要执行该脚本，它会设置一些文件的权限（该脚本会把$AGENT_HOME/bin/nm*的几个文件的所有者修改为root。）。如果不执行，那么搭建DG可能会报错：“ERROR: NMO not setuid-root (Unix-only)”

d、进入/u01/app/agentbase/agent11g/bin

./emctl status agent 检查同步状态

./emctl upload agent 上传同步

./emctl secure agent 重新注册agent，用于安装时密码输错

过程如下所示：

 
    [oracle@edsir4p1-PROD2 ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/agentbase 
 [oracle@edsir4p1-PROD2 ~]$ cd /u01/app/agentbase 
 [oracle@edsir4p1-PROD2 agentbase]$ cp /home/oracle/Desktop/agentDownload.linux . 
 [oracle@edsir4p1-PROD2 agentbase]$ chmod +x agentDownload.linux  
 [oracle@edsir4p1-PROD2 agentbase]$ ll 
 total 40 
 -rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 38525 Nov  6 01:46 agentDownload.linux 
 [oracle@edsir4p1-PROD2 agentbase]$ ./agentDownload.linux  
 agentDownload.linux invoked on Mon Nov  6 01:46:55 UTC 2017 with Arguments "" 
 agentDownload.linux: Invalid Invocation 
 Usage: agentDownload.linux -b[cdhimnoprtuvxyNR] 
    b - Base installation location for Agent Oracle home 
    d - Do NOT initiate automatic target discovery 
    h - Usage (this message) 
    i - Inventory pointer location file 
    l - To specify as local host (pass -local to runInstaller) 
    m - Management Service host name for downloading the Management Agent software 
    n - Cluster name 
    o - Old Oracle Home location during Upgrade 
    p - Static port list file 
    r - Port for connecting to the Management Service host 
    t - Do NOT start the Agent 
    u - Upgrade 
    v - Inventory directory location 
    x - Debug output 
    c - CLUSTER_NODES 
    N - Do NOT prompt for Agent Registration Password 
    R - To use virtual hostname(ORACLE_HOSTNAME) for this installation. If this is being used along with more than one cluster nodes through -c option, then -l option also needs to be passed. 
    y - Decline Security Updates. 
 [oracle@edsir4p1-PROD2 agentbase]$ ./agentDownload.linux -b /u01/app/agentbase -m edsir1p8.us.oracle.com -r 7799 -y 
 agentDownload.linux invoked on Mon Nov  6 01:49:01 UTC 2017 with Arguments "-b /u01/app/agentbase -m edsir1p8.us.oracle.com -r 7799 -y" 
 Platform=Linux.i686, OS=linux 
 GetPlatform:returned=0, and os is set to: linux, platform=Linux.i686 
 Creating /u01/app/agentbase/agentDownload11.1.0.1.0Oui ... 
 LogFile for this Download can be found at: "/u01/app/agentbase/agentDownload11.1.0.1.0Oui/agentDownload.linux110617014901.log" 
 Running on Selected Platform: Linux.i686 
 Installer location: /u01/app/agentbase/agentDownload11.1.0.1.0Oui 
 Downloading Agent install response file ... 
 Downloading Agent install response file ... 
 Executing wget_get_file   
 。。。。。。。。。。省略部分。。。。。。 
 Finished Downloading agent_download.rsp with Status=0 
 Response file check Complete - Success 
 Checking the writable permission for baseDir - passed 
   
 Provide the Agent Registration password so that the Management Agent can communicate with Secure Management Service. 
 Note: You may proceed with the installation without supplying the password; however, Management Agent can be secured manually after the installation. 
 If Oracle Management Service is not secured, agent will not be secured, so continue by pressing Enter Key. 
   
 Enter Agent Registration Password:      <<<<=输入密码 
 Downloading Oracle Installer ... 
 Executing wget_get_file  https://edsir1p8.us.oracle.com:7799/agent_download/11.1.0.1.0/linux/oui/oui_linux.jar 
 using the url https://edsir1p8.us.oracle.com:7799/agent_download/11.1.0.1.0/ to access OMS 
 。。。。。。。。。。省略部分。。。。。。 
 Configuration assistant "Agent Configuration Assistant" Succeeded 
   
 AgentPlugIn:agent configuration finished with status = true 
   
 Running Configuration assistant "Agent Add-on Plug-in" 
   
 Configuration assistant "Agent Add-on Plug-in" Succeeded 
   
 Querying Agent status: Agent is running 
 Removing the copied stuff..... 
 Removed: /u01/app/agentbase/agentDownload11.1.0.1.0Oui/oui_linux.jar 
 Removed: /u01/app/agentbase/agentDownload11.1.0.1.0Oui/agent_download.rsp 
 Removed:/u01/app/agentbase/agentDownload11.1.0.1.0Oui/Disk1 
 Log name of installation can be found at: "/u01/app/agentbase/agentDownload.linux110617014901.log" 
 /u01/app/agentbase/agent11g/root.sh needs to be executed by root to complete this installation. 
 [oracle@edsir4p1-PROD2 agentbase]$ sudo /u01/app/agentbase/agent11g/root.sh 
 [oracle@edsir4p1-PROD2 agentbase]$ ll 
 total 80 
 drwxr-xr-x 40 oracle oinstall  4096 Nov  6 01:53 agent11g 
 drwxr-xr-x  2 oracle oinstall  4096 Nov  6 01:53 agentDownload11.1.0.1.0Oui 
 -rwxr-xr-x  1 oracle oinstall 38525 Nov  6 01:46 agentDownload.linux 
 -rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall    78 Nov  6 01:46 agentDownload.linux110617014655.log 
 -rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall 24908 Nov  6 01:53 agentDownload.linux110617014901.log 
 [oracle@edsir4p1-PROD2 agentbase]$ cd agent11g/bin/ 
 [oracle@edsir4p1-PROD2 bin]$ ./emctl status agent 
 Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Release 1 Grid Control 11.1.0.1.0  
 Copyright (c) 1996, 2010 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved. 
 --------------------------------------------------------------- 
 Agent Version     : 11.1.0.1.0 
 OMS Version       : 11.1.0.1.0 
 Protocol Version  : 11.1.0.0.0 
 Agent Home        : /u01/app/agentbase/agent11g 
 Agent binaries    : /u01/app/agentbase/agent11g 
 Agent Process ID  : 26954 
 Parent Process ID : 26914 
 Agent URL         : https://edsir4p1.us.oracle.com:3872/emd/main/ 
 Repository URL    : https://edsir1p8.us.oracle.com:4900/em/upload 
 Started at        : 2017-11-06 01:53:15 
 Started by user   : oracle 
 Last Reload       : 2017-11-06 01:53:15 
 Last successful upload                       : 2017-11-06 01:55:13 
 Total Megabytes of XML files uploaded so far :    17.86 
 Number of XML files pending upload           :        0 
 Size of XML files pending upload(MB)         :     0.00 
 Available disk space on upload filesystem    :    83.54% 
 Last successful heartbeat to OMS             : 2017-11-06 01:57:20 
 --------------------------------------------------------------- 
 Agent is Running and Ready 
 [oracle@edsir4p1-PROD2 bin]$  
   
 
  

2.4.2 使用GC快速搭建物理备库

从浏览器打开https://10.190.104.28:7799/em/，使用sysman用户进行登录。

使用sys用户登录PROD1数据库。

等待大约10分钟即可自动完成DG的搭建和配置工作。期间，可以查看主库和备库的告警日志以及数据文件夹的大小来预估搭建完成时间。

创建完成后：

2.4.3 启用实时应用

2.5 开启主备库闪回

主库：

 
    SQL> select name, open_mode, database_role, flashback_on from v$database; 
   
 NAME      OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    FLASHBACK_ON 
 --------- -------------------- ---------------- ------------------ 
 PROD1     READ WRITE           PRIMARY          NO 
 SQL>  select INSTANCE_NAME,INSTANCE_ROLE from v$instance; 
   
 INSTANCE_NAME    INSTANCE_ROLE 
 ---------------- ------------------ 
 PROD1            PRIMARY_INSTANCE

备库：

 
    SQL> select name, open_mode, database_role, flashback_on from v$database; 
   
 NAME      OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    FLASHBACK_ON 
 --------- -------------------- ---------------- ------------------ 
 PROD1     READ ONLY WITH APPLY PHYSICAL STANDBY NO 
 SQL> select INSTANCE_NAME,INSTANCE_ROLE from v$instance; 
   
 INSTANCE_NAME    INSTANCE_ROLE 
 ---------------- ------------------ 
 SBDB1            PRIMARY_INSTANCE

主库开启闪回：

 
    SQL> alter database flashback on; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SQL>  select name, open_mode, database_role, flashback_on from v$database; 
   
 NAME      OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    FLASHBACK_ON 
 --------- -------------------- ---------------- ------------------ 
 PROD1     READ WRITE           PRIMARY          YES 
 SQL> select oldest_flashback_scn, to_char(oldest_flashback_time,'yyyy-mm-dd HH24:mi:ss') oldest_flashback_time from v$flashback_database_log; 
   
 OLDEST_FLASHBACK_SCN OLDEST_FLASHBACK_TI 
 -------------------- ------------------- 
               867005 2017-11-06 02:55:59 
   
 SQL> show parameter flashback 
   
 NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE 
 ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ 
 db_flashback_retention_target        integer     1440 
   
 ====>参数db_flashback_retention_target控制闪回时间范围，数字单位是分钟，默认为1天。这个数字决定了闪回的时间范围，如果设置更长的时间，对应的闪回日志文件大小就会比较大一些。

告警日志：

 
    Mon Nov 06 02:55:55 2017 
 alter database flashback on 
 Starting background process RVWR 
 Mon Nov 06 02:55:56 2017 
 RVWR started with pid=37, OS id=1096  
 Allocated 3981204 bytes in shared pool for flashback generation buffer 
 Flashback Database Enabled at SCN 867006 
 Completed: alter database flashback on 
   
 
  

此时，备库并没有开启闪回，需要在备库上手动开启闪回：

 
    SQL> alter database flashback on; 
 alter database flashback on 
 * 
 ERROR at line 1: 
 ORA-01153: an incompatible media recovery is active 
   
 SQL> recover managed standby database cancel; 
 Media recovery complete. 
 SQL>  alter database flashback on; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SQL> select name, open_mode, database_role, flashback_on from v$database; 
   
 NAME      OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    FLASHBACK_ON 
 --------- -------------------- ---------------- ------------------ 
 PROD1     READ ONLY            PHYSICAL STANDBY YES 
   
 SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; 
   
 Database altered.

第三章实验1

实验1、PROD1意外宕机，SBDB1执行Failover操作变为主库；然后将PROD1利用闪回数据库功能闪回到SBDB1变为主库的SCN时间点，然后将PROD1转换为备库，最后利用switchover转换为最初的环境。<===PROD1需要开启闪回

3.1 Failover操作

切换之前确保监听使用静态监听、fal_client、fal_server、log_archive_dest_1和log_archive_dest_2参数已正确配置。

主库操作：

 
    SYS@PROD1> select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,protection_level,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database; 
   
       DBID NAME       CURRENT_SCN PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL     DATABASE_ROLE    FOR OPEN_MODE            SWITCHOVER_STATUS 
 ---------- ---------- ----------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------------- --- -------------------- -------------------- 
 2177200393 PROD1           868787 MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  PRIMARY          YES READ WRITE           TO STANDBY 
 SYS@PROD1> create table test_bylhr as select * from dba_objects; 
   
 Table created. 
   
 SYS@PROD1> insert into test_bylhr select * from test_bylhr; 
   
 72459 rows created. 
   
 SYS@PROD1> commit; 
   
 Commit complete. 
   
 SYS@PROD1> select count(1) from test_bylhr; 
   
   COUNT(1) 
 ---------- 
     144918 
   
 SYS@PROD1> shutdown abort 
 ORACLE instance shut down.

备库操作：

 
    SYS@SBDB1> select count(1) from test_bylhr; 
   
   COUNT(1) 
 ---------- 
 144918 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> alter database recover managed standby database cancel; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> alter database recover managed standby database finish; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> set line 9999 
 SYS@SBDB1> select name, LOG_MODE, OPEN_MODE, database_role, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, db_unique_name from v$database; 
   
 NAME      LOG_MODE     OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DB_UNIQUE_NAME 
 --------- ------------ -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ 
 PROD1     ARCHIVELOG   READ ONLY            PHYSICAL STANDBY SESSIONS ACTIVE      SBDB1 
   
 SYS@SBDB1>  alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> select name, LOG_MODE, OPEN_MODE, database_role, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, db_unique_name from v$database; 
   
 NAME      LOG_MODE     OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DB_UNIQUE_NAME 
 --------- ------------ -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ 
 PROD1     ARCHIVELOG   MOUNTED              PRIMARY          NOT ALLOWED          SBDB1 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> alter database open; 
   
 Database altered.

3.2 Primary重新加入

Failover后的Primary数据库，实际上已经失去了和DG的关联，如果Primary故障严重，是难以保障对应的归档数据可以顺利传输的。如果希望Primary重新回到DG环境，关键就是恢复的时间点。要求Primary回到Standby切换角色的那个时间点，理论上就可以“延续”操作。

3.2.1 查询原备库变为新主库的SCN

在原备库端，查看v$database视图，可以看到这个库成为primary的具体时间。

 
    SYS@SBDB1> select STANDBY_BECAME_PRIMARY_SCN from v$database; 
   
 STANDBY_BECAME_PRIMARY_SCN 
 -------------------------- 
                     869428 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> create table test_bylhr2 as select * from dba_objects where rownum<=1000; 
   
 Table created. 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> alter system switch logfile; 
   
 System altered. 
 SYS@SBDB1> select count(1) from test_bylhr2; 
   
   COUNT(1) 
 ---------- 
       1000 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number from dual; 
   
 GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER 
 ------------------------ 
                   869833

3.2.2 原主库执行闪回操作

 
    SYS@PROD1> startup mount 
 ORACLE instance started. 
   
 Total System Global Area  313860096 bytes 
 Fixed Size                  1336232 bytes 
 Variable Size             247467096 bytes 
 Database Buffers           58720256 bytes 
 Redo Buffers                6336512 bytes 
 Database mounted. 
 SYS@PROD1> flashback database to scn 869428; 
   
 Flashback complete. 
   
 SYS@PROD1> select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,protection_level,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database; 
   
       DBID NAME       CURRENT_SCN PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL     DATABASE_ROLE    FOR OPEN_MODE            SWITCHOVER_STATUS 
 ---------- ---------- ----------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------------- --- -------------------- -------------------- 
 2177200393 PROD1                0 MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  UNPROTECTED          PRIMARY          YES MOUNTED              NOT ALLOWED 
   
 
  

注意：重新加入的原Primary是不能恢复角色的，而是只能先成为Standby角色。应用后续的日志达到同步。

 
    SYS@PROD1> alter database convert to physical standby; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SYS@PROD1> startup force;          
 ORACLE instance started. 
   
 Total System Global Area  313860096 bytes 
 Fixed Size                  1336232 bytes 
 Variable Size             247467096 bytes 
 Database Buffers           58720256 bytes 
 Redo Buffers                6336512 bytes 
 Database mounted. 
 Database opened. 
 SYS@PROD1> select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,protection_level,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database; 
   
       DBID NAME       CURRENT_SCN PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL     DATABASE_ROLE    FOR OPEN_MODE            SWITCHOVER_STATUS 
 ---------- ---------- ----------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------------- --- -------------------- -------------------- 
 2177200393 PROD1           869428 MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  PHYSICAL STANDBY YES READ ONLY            TO PRIMARY 
 SYS@PROD1> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; 
   
 Database altered. 
 SYS@PROD1> select count(1) from test_bylhr2; 
   
   COUNT(1) 
 ---------- 
       1000 
   
 
  

Oracle DG在发生Failover之后，当主库解决问题，是不可以直接回到DG环境的。这个过程往往需要一些辅助组建的配合。如RMAN、Flashback，都可以简化重回DG的过程时间。

注意：如果原主库查询不到test_bylhr2表的数据，则需要仔细检查监听使用静态监听、fal_client、fal_server、log_archive_dest_1和log_archive_dest_2参数已正确配置。

3.3 执行switchover切换成初始环境

新主库：

 
    SYS@SBDB1> select name, LOG_MODE, OPEN_MODE, database_role, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, db_unique_name from v$database; 
   
 NAME      LOG_MODE     OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DB_UNIQUE_NAME 
 --------- ------------ -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ 
 PROD1     ARCHIVELOG   READ WRITE           PRIMARY          TO STANDBY           SBDB1 
 SYS@SBDB1> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> shutdown immediate 
 ORA-01507: database not mounted 
   
   
 ORACLE instance shut down. 
 SYS@SBDB1> startup mount 
 ORACLE instance started. 
   
 Total System Global Area  313860096 bytes 
 Fixed Size                  1336232 bytes 
 Variable Size             239078488 bytes 
 Database Buffers           67108864 bytes 
 Redo Buffers                6336512 bytes 
 Database mounted. 
 SYS@SBDB1>  select name, LOG_MODE, OPEN_MODE, database_role, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, db_unique_name from v$database; 
   
 NAME      LOG_MODE     OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DB_UNIQUE_NAME 
 --------- ------------ -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ 
 PROD1     ARCHIVELOG   MOUNTED              PHYSICAL STANDBY TO PRIMARY           SBDB1 
   
 
  

新备库执行：

 
    SYS@PROD1> select name, LOG_MODE, OPEN_MODE, database_role, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, db_unique_name from v$database; 
   
 NAME   LOG_MODE     OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DB_UNIQUE_NAME 
 ------ ------------ -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ 
 PROD1  ARCHIVELOG   READ ONLY            PHYSICAL STANDBY TO PRIMARY           PROD1 
   
 SYS@PROD1> alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SYS@PROD1> select name, LOG_MODE, OPEN_MODE, database_role, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, db_unique_name from v$database; 
   
 NAME   LOG_MODE     OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DB_UNIQUE_NAME 
 ------ ------------ -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ 
 PROD1  ARCHIVELOG   MOUNTED              PRIMARY          NOT ALLOWED          PROD1 
   
 SYS@PROD1> alter database open; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SYS@PROD1>  select name, LOG_MODE, OPEN_MODE, database_role, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, db_unique_name from v$database; 
   
 NAME   LOG_MODE     OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DB_UNIQUE_NAME 
 ------ ------------ -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ 
 PROD1  ARCHIVELOG   READ WRITE           PRIMARY          RESOLVABLE GAP       PROD1 
 SYS@PROD1> create table test_bylhr3 as select * from dual; 
   
 Table created.

备库查询：

 
    SYS@SBDB1> select * from test_bylhr3; 
 select * from test_bylhr3 
               * 
 ERROR at line 1: 
 ORA-01219: database not open: queries allowed on fixed tables/views only 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> alter database open; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> select * from test_bylhr3; 
   
 D 
 - 
 X

至此，该实验完毕。即主备库执行Failover后，通过闪回重新恢复最初的DG环境。

第四章实验2

实验2、PROD1意外宕机，SBDB1执行Failover操作变为主库；然后将SBDB1利用闪回数据库功能闪回到SBDB1变为主库的SCN时间点，此时SBDB1仍然是主库的角色，然后将SBDB1转换为备库。<===SBDB1需要开启闪回，会丢失部分数据。

4.1 Failover操作

主库操作：

 
    SYS@PROD1>  select dbid,name,current_scn,protection_mode,protection_level,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database; 
   
       DBID NAME   CURRENT_SCN PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL     DATABASE_ROLE    FOR OPEN_MODE            SWITCHOVER_STATUS 
 ---------- ------ ----------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------------- --- -------------------- -------------------- 
 2177200393 PROD1       901700 MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  PRIMARY          YES READ WRITE           TO STANDBY 
   
 SYS@PROD1> create table test_bylhr4 as select * from dual; 
   
 Table created. 
   
 SYS@PROD1> select * from test_bylhr4; 
   
 D 
 - 
 X 
   
 SYS@PROD1> shutdown abort 
 ORACLE instance shut down.

备库操作：

 
 SYS@SBDB1> select * from test_bylhr4; 
   
 D 
 - 
 X 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> alter database recover managed standby database finish force; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> select name, LOG_MODE, OPEN_MODE, database_role, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, db_unique_name from v$database; 
   
 NAME      LOG_MODE     OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DB_UNIQUE_NAME 
 --------- ------------ -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ 
 PROD1     ARCHIVELOG   MOUNTED              PHYSICAL STANDBY TO PRIMARY           SBDB1 
   
 SYS@SBDB1>  alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> select name, LOG_MODE, OPEN_MODE, database_role, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, db_unique_name from v$database; 
   
 NAME      LOG_MODE     OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DB_UNIQUE_NAME 
 --------- ------------ -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ 
 PROD1     ARCHIVELOG   MOUNTED              PRIMARY          NOT ALLOWED          SBDB1 
   
 SYS@SBDB1>  select * from test_bylhr4; 
  select * from test_bylhr4 
                * 
 ERROR at line 1: 
 ORA-01219: database not open: queries allowed on fixed tables/views only 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> alter database open; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> select * from test_bylhr4; 
   
 D 
 - 
 X 
   
 SYS@SBDB1>  create table test_bylhr5 as select * from dual; 
   
 Table created. 
   
 SYS@SBDB1>  select * from test_bylhr5; 
   
 D 
 - 
 X

4.2 新主库闪回

 
    SYS@SBDB1> shutdown immediate 
 Database closed. 
 Database dismounted. 
 ORACLE instance shut down. 
 SYS@SBDB1> startup mount 
 ORACLE instance started. 
   
 Total System Global Area  313860096 bytes 
 Fixed Size                  1336232 bytes 
 Variable Size             243272792 bytes 
 Database Buffers           62914560 bytes 
 Redo Buffers                6336512 bytes 
 Database mounted. 
 SYS@SBDB1>  select STANDBY_BECAME_PRIMARY_SCN from v$database; 
   
 STANDBY_BECAME_PRIMARY_SCN 
 -------------------------- 
                     901723 
   
 SYS@SBDB1>  flashback database to scn 901723; 
   
 Flashback complete. 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> select * from test_bylhr5; 
 select * from test_bylhr5 
               * 
 ERROR at line 1: 
 ORA-01219: database not open: queries allowed on fixed tables/views only 
   
   
 SYS@SBDB1> select name, LOG_MODE, OPEN_MODE, database_role, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, db_unique_name from v$database; 
   
 NAME      LOG_MODE     OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DB_UNIQUE_NAME 
 --------- ------------ -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ 
 PROD1     ARCHIVELOG   MOUNTED              PRIMARY          NOT ALLOWED          SBDB1 
   
 SYS@SBDB1>  alter database convert to physical standby; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> shutdown immediate 
 ORA-01507: database not mounted 
   
   
 ORACLE instance shut down. 
 SYS@SBDB1> startup mount 
 ORACLE instance started. 
   
 Total System Global Area  313860096 bytes 
 Fixed Size                  1336232 bytes 
 Variable Size             243272792 bytes 
 Database Buffers           62914560 bytes 
 Redo Buffers                6336512 bytes 
 Database mounted. 
 SYS@SBDB1> select name, LOG_MODE, OPEN_MODE, database_role, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, db_unique_name from v$database; 
   
 NAME      LOG_MODE     OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DB_UNIQUE_NAME 
 --------- ------------ -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ 
 PROD1     ARCHIVELOG   MOUNTED              PHYSICAL STANDBY TO PRIMARY           SBDB1 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> alter database open; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SYS@SBDB1> select name, LOG_MODE, OPEN_MODE, database_role, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, db_unique_name from v$database; 
   
 NAME      LOG_MODE     OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DB_UNIQUE_NAME 
 --------- ------------ -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ 
 PROD1     ARCHIVELOG   READ ONLY            PHYSICAL STANDBY TO PRIMARY           SBDB1 
   
 SYS@SBDB1>  
 SYS@SBDB1> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; 
   
 Database altered. 
   
 SYS@SBDB1>  select * from test_bylhr5; 
  select * from test_bylhr5 
                * 
 ERROR at line 1: 
 ORA-00942: table or view does not exist 
   
   
 SYS@SBDB1> select name, LOG_MODE, OPEN_MODE, database_role, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, db_unique_name from v$database; 
   
 NAME      LOG_MODE     OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    DB_UNIQUE_NAME 
 --------- ------------ -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ 
 PROD1     ARCHIVELOG   READ ONLY WITH APPLY PHYSICAL STANDBY SESSIONS ACTIVE      SBDB1 
   
   
   
 
  

4.3 原主库打开

 
    SYS@PROD1> startup force 
 ORACLE instance started. 
   
 Total System Global Area  313860096 bytes 
 Fixed Size                  1336232 bytes 
 Variable Size             251661400 bytes 
 Database Buffers           54525952 bytes 
 Redo Buffers                6336512 bytes 
 Database mounted. 
 Database opened. 
 SYS@PROD1> create table test_bylhr6 as select * from dual; 
   
 Table created. 
   
 SYS@PROD1> select * from test_bylhr6; 
   
 D 
 - 
 X 
   
 
  

备库查询：

 
    SYS@SBDB1> select * from test_bylhr6; 
   
 D 
 - 
 X

DGMGRL中查看配置：

 
    DGMGRL> show  CONFIGURATION VERBOSE; 
   
 Configuration - PROD1.us.oracle.com 
   
   Protection Mode: MaxPerformance 
   Databases: 
     PROD1 - Primary database 
     SBDB1 - Physical standby database 
   
 Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED 
   
 Configuration Status: 
 SUCCESS

说明直接在原备库上执行闪回操作也可以让Failover后的环境重新恢复最初的环境。不过这也意味着部分数据的丢失。

第五章实验总结

1、主库在开启闪回数据库功能后，备库并不会开启闪回数据库的功能。

2、PROD1为主库，SBDB1为备库；若PROD1意外宕机，则SBDB1执行Failover操作变为主库；此时若想恢复DG环境，则有3种处理办法：

① 将PROD1利用闪回数据库功能闪回到SBDB1变为主库的SCN时间点，然后将PROD1转换为备库，最后利用switchover转换为最初的环境。<===PROD1需要开启闪回

② 将SBDB1利用闪回数据库功能闪回到SBDB1变为主库的SCN时间点，此时SBDB1仍然是主库的角色，然后将SBDB1转换为备库。<===SBDB1需要开启闪回，会丢失部分数据。

③ 利用RMAN重新搭建DG环境。详情请参考：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1753130/

第六章参考文章

6.1 MOS或官网

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e41134/scenarios.htm#SBYDB4889

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e41134/scenarios.htm#SBYDB00900

This chapter describes scenarios you might encounter while administering your Data Guard configuration. Each scenario can be adapted to your specific environment.聽Table 13-1lists the scenarios presented in this chapter.

Table 13-1 Data Guard Scenarios

Reference	Scenario
Section 13.1	Configuring Logical Standby Databases After a Failover
Section 13.2	Converting a Failed Primary Into a Standby Database Using Flashback Database
Section 13.3	Using Flashback Database After Issuing an Open Resetlogs Statement
Section 13.4	Recovering After the NOLOGGING Clause Is Specified
Section 13.5	Creating a Standby Database That Uses OMF or Oracle ASM
Section 13.6	Recovering From Lost-Write Errors on a Primary Database
Section 13.7	Converting a Failed Primary into a Standby Database Using RMAN Backups
Section 13.8	Changing the Character Set of a Primary Without Re-Creating Physical Standbys

这8个实验，建议有兴趣的朋友都做一遍。

http://blog.itpub.net/24500180/viewspace-1068495/

http://blog.itpub.net/24500180/viewspace-1068141/

http://blog.itpub.net/24500180/viewspace-1069602/

13.2 Converting a Failed Primary Into a Standby Database Using Flashback Database

After a failover occurs, the original primary database can no longer participate in the Data Guard configuration until it is repaired and established as a standby database in the new configuration. To do this, you can use the Flashback Database feature to recover the failed primary database to a point in time before the failover occurred, and then convert it into a physical or logical standby database in the new configuration. The following sections describe:

Flashing Back a Failed Primary Database into a Physical Standby Database
Flashing Back a Failed Primary Database into a Logical Standby Database

Note:
You must have already enabled Flashback Database on the original primary database before the failover. See Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide for more information.
Flashing Back a Logical Standby Database to a Specific Applied SCN

See Also:
Oracle Data Guard Broker for automatic reinstatement of the failed primary database as a new standby database (as an alternative to using Flashback Database)

13.2.1 Flashing Back a Failed Primary Database into a Physical Standby Database

The following steps assume that a failover has been performed to a physical standby database and that Flashback Database was enabled on the old primary database at the time of the failover. This procedure brings the old primary database back into the Data Guard configuration as a physical standby database.

Step 1 Determine the SCN at which the old standby database became the primary database.

On the new primary database, issue the following query to determine the SCN at which the old standby database became the new primary database:

SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(STANDBY_BECAME_PRIMARY_SCN) FROM V$DATABASE;

Step 2 Flash back the failed primary database.

Shut down the old primary database (if necessary), mount it, and flash it back to the value for STANDBY_BECAME_PRIMARY_SCN that was determined in Step 1.

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
SQL> FLASHBACK DATABASE TO SCN standby_became_primary_scn;

Step 3 Convert the database to a physical standby database.

Perform the following steps on the old primary database:

Issue the following statement on the old primary database:
```
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;
```
This statement will dismount the database after successfully converting the control file to a standby control file.

Shut down and restart the database:

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;

Step 4 Start transporting redo to the new physical standby database.

Perform the following steps on the new primary database:

Issue the following query to see the current state of the archive destinations:

SQL> SELECT DEST_ID, DEST_NAME, STATUS, PROTECTION_MODE, DESTINATION, -
> ERROR,SRL FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS;

If necessary, enable the destination:

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_n=ENABLE;

Perform a log switch to ensure the standby database begins receiving redo data from the new primary database, and verify it was sent successfully. Issue the following SQL statements on the new primary database:
```
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;
SQL> SELECT DEST_ID, DEST_NAME, STATUS, PROTECTION_MODE, DESTINATION,- 
> ERROR,SRL FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS;
```
On the new standby database, you may also need to change the LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n initialization parameters so that redo transport services do not transmit redo data to other databases.

Step 5 Start Redo Apply on the new physical standby database.

Issue the following SQL statement on the new physical standby database:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE -
> USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;

Redo Apply automatically stops each time it encounters a redo record that is generated as the result of a role transition, so Redo Apply will need to be restarted one or more times until it has applied beyond the SCN at which the new primary database became the primary database. Once the failed primary database is restored and is running in the standby role, you can optionally perform a switchover to transition the databases to their original (pre-failure) roles. See Section 8.2.1, "Performing a Switchover to a Physical Standby Database" for more information.

6.2 博客

Data Guard高级玩法：通过闪回恢复failover备库：http://blog.itpub.net/23718752/viewspace-2124234/

使用Flashback让Failover数据库重新加入DG环境：http://blog.itpub.net/17203031/viewspace-1184082

http://blog.itpub.net/24500180/viewspace-1068495/

http://blog.itpub.net/24500180/viewspace-1068141/

http://blog.itpub.net/24500180/viewspace-1069602/

------------------------------------------------------------------------

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【DG】利用闪回数据库（flashback）修复Failover后的DG环境

1.1 BLOG文档结构图

1.2 前言部分

1.2.1 导读和注意事项

1.3 本文简介

1.4 相关知识点扫盲

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

第二章实验准备

2.1 实验环境介绍

2.2 实验目标

2.3 实验过程

2.4 利用GC快速搭建DG环境

2.4.1 安装GC客户端软件

2.4.2 使用GC快速搭建物理备库

2.4.3 启用实时应用

2.5 开启主备库闪回

第三章实验1

3.1 Failover操作

3.2 Primary重新加入

3.2.1 查询原备库变为新主库的SCN

3.2.2 原主库执行闪回操作

3.3 执行switchover切换成初始环境

第四章实验2

4.1 Failover操作

4.2 新主库闪回

4.3 原主库打开

第五章实验总结

第六章参考文章

6.1 MOS或官网

13.2 Converting a Failed Primary Into a Standby Database Using Flashback Database

13.2.1 Flashing Back a Failed Primary Database into a Physical Standby Database

6.2 博客

------------------------------------------------------------------------

热门文章

最新文章

相关课程

相关电子书

相关实验场景

【DG】利用闪回数据库（flashback）修复Failover后的DG环境

1.1 BLOG文档结构图

1.2 前言部分

1.2.1 导读和注意事项

1.3 本文简介

1.4 相关知识点扫盲

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

第二章 实验准备

2.1 实验环境介绍

2.2 实验目标

2.3 实验过程

2.4 利用GC快速搭建DG环境

2.4.1 安装GC客户端软件

2.4.2 使用GC快速搭建物理备库

2.4.3 启用实时应用

2.5 开启主备库闪回

第三章 实验1

3.1 Failover操作

3.2 Primary重新加入

3.2.1 查询原备库变为新主库的SCN

3.2.2 原主库执行闪回操作

3.3 执行switchover切换成初始环境

第四章 实验2

4.1 Failover操作

4.2 新主库闪回

4.3 原主库打开

第五章 实验总结

第六章 参考文章

6.1 MOS或官网

13.2 Converting a Failed Primary Into a Standby Database Using Flashback Database

13.2.1 Flashing Back a Failed Primary Database into a Physical Standby Database

6.2 博客

------------------------------------------------------------------------

热门文章

最新文章

相关课程

相关电子书

相关实验场景

第二章实验准备

第三章实验1

第四章实验2

第五章实验总结

第六章参考文章