返璞归真 asp.net mvc (5) - Action Filter, UpdateModel, ModelBinder, Ajax, Unit Test-阿里云开发者社区

原文: 返璞归真 asp.net mvc (5) - Action Filter, UpdateModel, ModelBinder, Ajax, Unit Test

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返璞归真 asp.net mvc (5) - Action Filter, UpdateModel, ModelBinder, Ajax, Unit Test

作者： webabcd

介绍
asp.net mvc 之 Action Filter, UpdateModel, ModelBinder, Ajax, Unit Test

Action Filter - 在 Controller 层对信息做过滤。如何实现自定义的 Action Filter
UpdateModel - 根据参数自动为对象的属性赋值
ModelBinder - 定义如何绑定 Model，DefaultModelBinder 实现了 IModelBinder ，其可以根据名称自动将参数赋值到对象对应的属性上
Ajax - 在 asp.net mvc 中使用 ajax
Unit Test - 在 asp.net mvc 中使用单元测试

示例
1、asp.net mvc 自带的 Action Filter 的演示
FilterDemoController.cs

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Mvc;

using System.Web.Mvc.Ajax;

using MVC.Models;

namespace MVC.Controllers

{

// HandleError - 出现异常时跳转到 Error.aspx（先在指定的 view 文件夹找，找不到再在 Shared 文件夹下找）

// 需要 web.config 配置 - <customErrors mode="On" />

[HandleError]

public class FilterDemoController : Controller

{

// 每一个 Filter 都有一个 Order 属性，其用来指定 Filter 的执行顺序

// [NonAction] - 当前方法为普通方法，不解析为 Action

// [AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs)] - 调用该 Action 的 http 方法

// HttpVerbs 枚举成员如下： HttpVerbs.Get, HttpVerbs.Post, HttpVerbs.Put, HttpVerbs.Delete, HttpVerbs.Head

ProductSystem ps = new ProductSystem();

// ActionName() - Action 的名称。默认值同方法名称

[ActionName("Product")]

// ValidateInput() - 相当于 @ Page 的 ValidateRequest, 用于验证请求中是否存在危险代码。可防止 XSS 攻击。默认值为 true

[ValidateInput(false)]

public ActionResult Details(int id)

{

var product = ps.GetProduct(id);

return View("Details", product);

}

// ValidateAntiForgeryToken() - 避免 CSRF 攻击（需要视图页面中使用 Html.AntiForgeryToken()）。原理：生成一个随机字符串，将其同时写入 cookie 和 hidden，当 form 提交到 action 时，验证二者是否相等并且验证提交源是否是本站页面（详查 asp.net mvc 的源代码）

// 拼 sql 的时候防止 sql 注入：使用 @Parameter 的方式

[ValidateAntiForgeryToken()]

public ActionResult ValidateAntiForgeryTokenTest()

{

return Content("ValidateAntiForgeryToken");

}

// OutputCache() - 缓存。Duration - 缓存秒数。VaryByParam - none, *, 多个参数用逗号隔开

[OutputCache(Duration = 10, VaryByParam = "none")]

// [OutputCache(CacheProfile = "MyCache")] - 通过配置文件对缓存做设置。可以参看 http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/archive/2007/02/15/651419.html

public ActionResult OutputCacheDemo()

{

return Content(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"));

}

public ActionResult HandleErrorDemo()

{

throw new Exception("HandleErrorDemo");

}

// Authorize() - 验证。走的是 membership

[Authorize(Users = "user")]

// [Authorize(Roles = "role")]

// Request.IsAuthenticated - 返回一个 bool 值，用于指示请求是否通过了验证

public ActionResult AuthorizeDemo()

{

return Content("Authorize");

}

// 自定义的 Action Filter 的 Demo

[MyFilter()]

public ActionResult MyFilterDemo()

{

return Content("MyFilterDemo" + "<br />");

}

自定的 Action Filter 的实现
MyFilter.cs

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MVC

{

/// <summary>

/// 自定义的 Action Filter，需要继承 ActionFilterAttribute

/// </summary>

public class MyFilter : ActionFilterAttribute

{

public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)

{

HttpContext.Current.Response.Write("OnActionExecuting" + "<br />");

}

public override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext)

{

HttpContext.Current.Response.Write("OnActionExecuted" + "<br />");

}

public override void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext filterContext)

{

HttpContext.Current.Response.Write("OnResultExecuting" + "<br />");

}

public override void OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext filterContext)

{

HttpContext.Current.Response.Write("OnResultExecuted" + "<br />");

}

Details.aspx

<% @ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MVC.Models.Products>" %>

< asp:Content ID ="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID ="TitleContent" runat ="server" >

Details

</ asp:Content >

< asp:Content ID ="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID ="MainContent" runat ="server" >

<% Html.BeginForm("ValidateAntiForgeryTokenTest", "FilterDemo"); %>

<% = Html.AntiForgeryToken() %>

< h2 >

Details </ h2 >

< p >

< strong > ProductID: </ strong >

<% = Html.Encode(Model.ProductID) %>

</ p >

< p >

< strong > ProductName: </ strong >

<% = Html.Encode(Model.ProductName) %>

</ p >

< p >

< input type ="submit" name ="btnSubmit" value ="submit" />

</ p >

<% Html.EndForm(); %>

</ asp:Content >

2、应用 UpdateModel 的 Demo
UpdateModelController.cs

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Mvc;

using System.Web.Mvc.Ajax;

namespace MVC.Controllers

{

public class UpdateModelController : Controller

{

public ActionResult Details(string name, int age)

{

User user = new User();

// UpdateModel() 和 TryUpdateModel() - 系统根据参数自动为对象的属性赋值

base.UpdateModel(user); // 失败抛异常

// base.TryUpdateModel(user); // 失败不抛异常

ViewData.Model = user;

return View();

}

Details.aspx

<% @ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MVC.Controllers.User>" %>

< asp:Content ID ="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID ="TitleContent" runat ="server" >

Details

</ asp:Content >

< asp:Content ID ="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID ="MainContent" runat ="server" >

< h2 >

Details </ h2 >

< p >

< strong > UserId: </ strong >

<% = Model.ID %>

</ p >

< p >

< strong > Name: </ strong >

<% = Model.Name %>

</ p >

< p >

< strong > Age: </ strong >

<% = Model.Age %>

</ p >

</ asp:Content >

3、演示什么是 ModelBinder
ModelBinderController.cs

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Mvc;

using System.Web.Mvc.Ajax;

namespace MVC.Controllers

{

public class ModelBinderController : Controller

{

/// <summary>

/// 路由过来的或者参数过来的，会自动地赋值到对象的对应的属性上

/// 做这个工作的就是实现了 IModelBinder 接口的 DefaultModelBinder

/// </summary>

public ActionResult Details(User user)

{

base.ViewData.Model = user;

// ModelState - 保存 Model 的状态，包括相应的错误信息等

if (!base.ModelState.IsValid)

{

foreach (var state in ModelState)

{

if (!base.ModelState.IsValidField(state.Key))

ViewData["errorMsg"] = state.Key + "/" + state.Value.Value.AttemptedValue + "<br />";

}

return View();

}

Details.aspx

<% @ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage" %>

< asp:Content ID ="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID ="TitleContent" runat ="server" >

Details

</ asp:Content >

< asp:Content ID ="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID ="MainContent" runat ="server" >

< h2 >

Details </ h2 >

<% var model = ((MVC.Controllers.User)ViewData.Model); %>

< p >

< strong > UserId: </ strong >

<% = model.ID %>

</ p >

< p >

< strong > Name: </ strong >

<% = model.Name %>

</ p >

< p >

< strong > Age: </ strong >

<% = model.Age %>

</ p >

< p >

< strong > error: </ strong >

<% = ViewData[ " errorMsg " ] %>

</ p >

</ asp:Content >

4、使用 ajax 的 Demo

< p >

Ajax

< script src ="http://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/MicrosoftAjax.debug.js" type ="text/javascript" ></ script >

< script src ="http://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/MicrosoftMvcAjax.debug.js" type ="text/javascript" ></ script >

< br />

<% = Ajax.ActionLink(

" ProductId 为 1 的详情页 " ,

" Details " ,

" Product " ,

new { id = 1 },

new AjaxOptions { UpdateTargetId = " ajax " }

)

</ p >

< div id ="ajax" />

5、在 VS 中做单元测试
ProductControllerTest.cs

using MVC.Controllers;

using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting.Web;

using System.Web.Mvc;

using MVC.Models;

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace MVC.Tests

{

/// <summary>

///这是 ProductControllerTest 的测试类，旨在

///包含所有 ProductControllerTest 单元测试

///</summary>

[TestClass()]

public class ProductControllerTest

{

private TestContext testContextInstance;

/// <summary>

///获取或设置测试上下文，上下文提供

///有关当前测试运行及其功能的信息。

///</summary>

public TestContext TestContext

{

get

{

return testContextInstance;

}

set

{

testContextInstance = value;

}

附加测试属性

/// <summary>

///Index 的测试

///</summary>

// TODO: 确保 UrlToTest 属性指定一个指向 ASP.NET 页的 URL(例如，

// http://

/Default.aspx)。这对于在 Web 服务器上执行单元测试是必需的，

//无论要测试页、Web 服务还是 WCF 服务都是如此。

[TestMethod()]

[HostType("ASP.NET")]

[AspNetDevelopmentServerHost("C:\\MVC\\MVC", "/")]

[UrlToTest("http://localhost:2005/")]

public void IndexTest()

{

ProductController target = new ProductController(); // TODO: 初始化为适当的值

int pageIndex = 0; // TODO: 初始化为适当的值

ViewResult actual;

actual = target.Index(pageIndex) as ViewResult;

Assert.AreNotEqual(actual.ViewData.Model as List<Products>, null);

}

OK
[源码下载]

返璞归真 asp.net mvc (5) - Action Filter, UpdateModel, ModelBinder, Ajax, Unit Test

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