Linux 下获取LAN中指定IP的网卡的MAC（物理地址）

// all.h
// 2005/06/20,a.m. wenxy

#ifndef _ALL_H
#define _ALL_H

#include <memory.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h> 

// ---------------------
// 创建ARP包的头文件
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
/* #include<linux/if_ether.h> */    
#include<ctype.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
// ---------------------

#include <unistd.h>

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#define MAX_MAC_LEN 24  // MAC字串缓冲区的最大长度(byte)
#define COMPART_MAC ":"  // MAC字串的分格符, Warnning:修改此宏，必须再修改源程序!!!

#endif /* end _ALL_h */

// end file

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// main.cpp
// 2005/06/20,a.m. wenxy

#include "all.h"

// function declare
static string GetLocalMac(string & strEth); // get loacl NIC's MAC
void set_ip_addr(char *,char *);   // 填充IP
void set_hw_addr(char buf[], char *str); // 填充MAC
static string GetMacByIP(string strSrcIP, string strSrcMAC, string strDesIP ,string strNIC); // 获取指定IP的MAC

/*
#define SRC_IP   "10.0.1.77"   // 源IP
#define DES_IP   "10.0.1.35"   // 目的IP
#define LOCAL_HW        "00:C0:4C:39:0D:6F" // 10.0.1.77的eth0的MAC
#define DEVICE          "eth0"    // 接口
*/
#define PADD_MAC  "00:00:00:00:00:00" // 填充的MAC
#define DES_MAC   "FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF" // 广播MAC
#define ARP_SEND_COUNT 3     // 发送ARP请求的ARP包的个数

 struct ether_header
 {
  unsigned char  ether_dhost[6];          /* destination eth addr */
  unsigned char  ether_shost[6];          /* source ether addr    */
  unsigned short ether_type;              /* packet type ID field */
 };
 struct arp_header
 {
  unsigned short int ar_hrd;              /* Format of hardware address.  */
  unsigned short int ar_pro;              /* Format of protocol address.  */
  unsigned char ar_hln;                   /* Length of hardware address.  */
  unsigned char ar_pln;                   /* Length of protocol address.  */
  // -------------------------
  unsigned short int ar_op;               /* ARP opcode (command).  */
  unsigned char __ar_sha[6];              /* Sender hardware address.  */
  unsigned char __ar_sip[4];              /* Sender IP address.  */
  unsigned char __ar_tha[6];              /* Target hardware address.  */
  unsigned char __ar_tip[4];              /* Target IP address.  */
  // -------------------------
 };
 struct arp_packet
 {
  struct ether_header ethhdr;
  struct arp_header arphdr;
  unsigned char padding[18];              /* filled with 0 */
 };
 
 /* arp reply:
 *      op = 2
 *      ethhdr.ether_dhost = arphdr.__ar_tha = switch hard addr
 *      ethhdr.ether_shost = arphdr.__ar_sha = local hard addr
 *      arphdr.__ar_tip = switch ip
 *      arphdr.__ar_sip = victim ip
 */
#define FRAME_TYPE      0x0806                  /* arp=0x0806,rarp=0x8035 */
#define HARD_TYPE       1                       /* ethernet is 1 */
#define PROTO_TYPE      0x0800                  /* IP is 0x0800 */
#define OP_CODE         1                       /* arp=1/2,1为请求，2为应答,rarp=3/4 */
   

 
// linux下获取LAN里指定IP的网卡MAC
// In: argv[1]:本机IP，argv[2]:目的IP
// Out: 
int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
 string strETH;  // 本机NIC名称
 string strLocalMAC; // 本机MAC
 string strSrcIP; // 本机IP
 string strDesMAC; // 目的MAC
 string strDesIP; // 目的IP
 
 // 检查参数
 if ( argc != 4 )
 {
  printf("Useage: get_mac [interface name of the IP] [IP] [ARP IP]/n/n");
  return 0;
 }  
 strETH = argv[1]; //"eth0";
 strSrcIP = argv[2]; //"10.0.1.77";
 strDesIP = argv[3]; //"10.0.1.69";
 
 printf("Run ....../n");
 printf("获取 %s 接口的MAC ....../n", strETH.c_str());
 // 获取指定NIC名称的MAC
 strLocalMAC = GetLocalMac(strETH); 
#if 0
 printf("Note: %s[%s]/n", strETH.c_str(), strLocalMAC.c_str());
#endif
 
 // 获取指定接口MAC
 if ( 0 == strcmp( (const char*)strLocalMAC.c_str(), (const char*)"") )
 {
  printf("Error: call strcmp() failed/n");
  printf("--------------------------------/n/n");
  return -1;
 }
 else
 {
  printf("获取接口MAC成功: %s [%s]/n", strETH.c_str(), strLocalMAC.c_str()); 
 }
 
 // 获取指定IP网卡的MAC
 strDesMAC = GetMacByIP(strSrcIP, strLocalMAC, strDesIP, strETH);   
 printf("strDesMAC = %s/n", strDesMAC.c_str());
 // 
 return 0;
}

// 获取本地某网卡的MAC
// In: strEth
// Out: 若成功，返回MAC字符串，失败，返回""(空串)
static string GetLocalMac(string & strEth)
{
 string strLocalMAC;
 int s;
 struct ifreq buffer;
 char chBuff[MAX_MAC_LEN];
 
 memset(chBuff, 0x0, sizeof(chBuff));
 //arp_process(NULL);   
 s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); 
 if (-1 == s)
 {
  printf("Error: create socket failture/n");
  printf("--------------------------------/n/n");
  return "";
 }   
 memset(&buffer, 0x00, sizeof(buffer));    
 strcpy(buffer.ifr_name, strEth.c_str());  // "eth0"    
 if ( -1 == ioctl(s, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &buffer))
 {
  printf("Error: 获取接口 %S MAC 失败/n", strEth.c_str());
  printf("--------------------------------/n/n");
  return "";   
 }    
 close(s);
    
 for( s = 0; s < 6; s++ )
 {
  memset(chBuff, 0x0, sizeof(chBuff));
  sprintf( chBuff, "%.2X", (unsigned char)buffer.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[s]);
  strLocalMAC += chBuff;
  
  //printf("%.2X", (unsigned char)buffer.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[s]);
  if (s < 5)
  {
   memset(chBuff, 0x0, sizeof(chBuff));
   sprintf( chBuff, "%s", COMPART_MAC);
   strLocalMAC += chBuff;
   //printf(":");
  }
 }    
 //printf("/n");
    
 return strLocalMAC; 
}

//-------------------------------------------------------
// 发送ARP包，并接收ARP应答包，取出MAC
// In: strSrcIP:本机IP，strSrcMAC:本机IP的MAC，strDesIP:被请求应答MAC的IP , strNIC:本地接口名
// Out: 若成功，返回MAC，失败返回""(空串)
static string GetMacByIP(string strSrcIP, string strSrcMAC, string strDesIP ,string strNIC)
{
 int sockfd;     // socket handle
 struct arp_packet arp;  // arp 请求包
 struct arp_packet arpRes; // arp 应用答包
 struct sockaddr sa;   // eth
 
 char chSrcIP[24];
 char chDesIP[24];
 char chSrcMAC[24];
 char chNIC[8];    
 memset(chSrcIP, 0x00, sizeof(chSrcIP));
 memset(chDesIP, 0x00, sizeof(chDesIP));
 memset(chSrcMAC, 0x00, sizeof(chSrcMAC));
 memset(chNIC, 0x00, sizeof(chNIC));
 sprintf(chSrcIP, "%s",  strSrcIP.c_str());
 sprintf(chDesIP, "%s",  strDesIP.c_str());
 sprintf(chSrcMAC, "%s", strSrcMAC.c_str());
 sprintf(chNIC, "%s", strNIC.c_str()); 
 #define SRC_IP   chSrcIP  // 源IP
 #define DES_IP   chDesIP  // 目的IP
 #define LOCAL_HW        chSrcMAC // eth0的MAC 
 #define DEVICE   chNIC  // 本机接口名
  
 memset(&arp, 0x00, sizeof(arp));
 memset(&arpRes, 0x00, sizeof(arpRes));
 #if 1
 printf("源IP[%s]  源MAC[%s] 目的IP[%s]/n", /
   strSrcIP.c_str(), strSrcMAC.c_str(), strDesIP.c_str());  
 #endif
 
 sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_PACKET, htons(0x0806));
 if(sockfd < 0)
 {
  printf("Error: create socket failed/n");
  printf("--------------------------------/n/n");   
  return "";
 }
 
 /*
 // 设置socket为非阻塞模式
 if ( -1 != fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) )
 {
  printf("设置socket为非阻塞模式成功/n");
 }
 else
 {
  printf("Warning: 设置socket为非阻塞模式失败[errno = %d]/n", errno);
 }
 */
 
 // 设置socket接收超时
 struct timeval tv;
 tv.tv_sec = 0;
 tv.tv_usec= 100;
 if ( 0 == setsockopt( sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &tv, sizeof(tv)) )
 {
  printf("设置socket接收超时成功/n"); 
 }
 else
 {
  printf("Warning: 设置socket接收超时失败[errno = %d]/n", errno);
 }
 #if 1
 printf("创建socket SOCK_PACKET 成功/n");
 printf("Note: 创建ARP请求包 ....../n");
 printf("--------------------------------/n/n"); 
 #endif
 
 // 创建ARP请求包 
 /* init arp packet header */
 arp.ethhdr.ether_type = htons(FRAME_TYPE);
 set_hw_addr( (char *)arp.ethhdr.ether_dhost, DES_MAC );  
 set_hw_addr( (char *)arp.ethhdr.ether_shost, LOCAL_HW );
 #if 1
 printf("%x|", arp.ethhdr.ether_type);
 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
 {
  printf("%d_", arp.ethhdr.ether_dhost[i]);  
 }
 printf("|");
 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
 {
  printf("%d_", arp.ethhdr.ether_shost[i]);  
 } 
 printf("/n--------------------------------/n"); 
 printf("初始化ARP包帧头(以太网首部)成功/n/n");  
 #endif 
  
 /* init arp packet data */ 
 printf("初始化ARP包帧数据(ARP请求分组) ....../n"); 
 printf("--------------------------------/n"); 
 arp.arphdr.ar_hrd = htons(HARD_TYPE); // 1
 arp.arphdr.ar_pro = htons(PROTO_TYPE); // 0x0800
 arp.arphdr.ar_op = htons(OP_CODE);  // 1
 arp.arphdr.ar_hln = (unsigned char)(6);
 arp.arphdr.ar_pln = (unsigned char)(4);
 #if 1
 printf("%d|%d|%d|%d|%d|/n", arp.arphdr.ar_hrd, arp.arphdr.ar_pro, /
   arp.arphdr.ar_op, arp.arphdr.ar_hln, arp.arphdr.ar_pln);
 printf("--------------------------------/n");    
 #endif
 
 set_hw_addr((char *)arp.arphdr.__ar_tha, DES_MAC); // 请求IP的MAC 
 set_hw_addr((char *)arp.arphdr.__ar_sha, LOCAL_HW); // 发送者的MAC 
 set_ip_addr((char *)arp.arphdr.__ar_tip, DES_IP); // 请求MAC的IP 
 set_ip_addr((char *)arp.arphdr.__ar_sip, SRC_IP); // 源IP
 bzero(arp.padding, 18); // 填充18个字节
 #if 1 
 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
 {
  printf("%d_", arp.arphdr.__ar_sha[i]);  
 }
 printf("|");
 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
 {
  printf("%d_", arp.arphdr.__ar_sip[i]);  
 }
 printf("|"); 
 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
 {
  printf("%d_", arp.arphdr.__ar_tha[i]);  
 }
 printf("|");

 for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
 {
  printf("%d_", arp.arphdr.__ar_tip[i]);  
 }
 printf("|");
 printf("/n--------------------------------/n");  
 #endif
  
 /* send arp reply packet */
 memset(&sa, 0x00, sizeof(sa));
 strcpy(sa.sa_data, DEVICE);
 
 // 发送ARP包
 int nSendCount = ARP_SEND_COUNT;
 while( (nSendCount --) > 0)
 {
  printf("发送ARP请求包[%d Bytes]...... [第%d个]/n", sizeof(arp), nSendCount);   
  if( sendto(sockfd, &arp, sizeof(arp), 0, (struct sockaddr*) &sa, sizeof(sa)) < 0 )
  {
   printf("Error: 发送ARP包失败 [errno = %d]/n", errno);
   return "";
  }
 }
 
 // 接收ARP应答包
 printf("NOte: 接收ARP应答 ....../n");
 int nTryCount = 5;
 int nRecvByte = 0;
 int nAddrLen = sizeof(sa);
 do
 {
  nRecvByte = recvfrom(sockfd, &arpRes, sizeof(arpRes),0, (struct sockaddr*)&sa, (socklen_t*)&nAddrLen); 
  
  // 若是所请求IP的ARP应答包，退出while
  string strTarIP;  /* Target IP address */
  if ( nRecvByte >= 60 && 2 == ntohs(arpRes.arphdr.ar_op) )
  {
   char chBuff[MAX_MAC_LEN];   
   string strTarIP;  /* Target IP address */
   // 格式化IP
   for (int s = 0; s < 4; s++)
   {
    memset(chBuff, 0x00, sizeof(chBuff));
    sprintf( (char *)chBuff, "%d", (unsigned char)arpRes.arphdr.__ar_sip[s]);
    strTarIP += chBuff;
    if (s < 3)
    {
     memset(chBuff, 0x00, sizeof(chBuff));
     sprintf( (char *)chBuff, "%s", ".");
     strTarIP += chBuff;
    }
   }
   if ( !strcmp(strTarIP.c_str(), strDesIP.c_str()) )
   {
    printf("/n请求IP[%s] = 应答IP[%s]/n", strDesIP.c_str(), strTarIP.c_str());
    break;
   }
  }
 }while( nTryCount -- ); // 接收ARP应答包的次数
 printf("已接收到ARP应答包 [%d Bytes]/n", nRecvByte);
 // 接收超时，或错误
 if ( nRecvByte == -1 )
 {
  printf("Warning: 接收超时，或计算机[%s]没有响应/n", strDesIP.c_str());
  close(sockfd);
  return "";
 }
 
 printf("分析ARP应答包 ....../n"); 
 char chBuff[MAX_MAC_LEN];   
 string strTarIP;  /* Target IP address */
 string strTarMAC;  /* Target hardware address */
 memset(chBuff, 0x00, sizeof(chBuff));
 // 格式化IP
 for (int s = 0; s < 4; s++)
 {
  memset(chBuff, 0x00, sizeof(chBuff));
  sprintf( (char *)chBuff, "%d", (unsigned char)arpRes.arphdr.__ar_sip[s]);
  strTarIP += chBuff;
  if (s < 3)
  {
   memset(chBuff, 0x00, sizeof(chBuff));
   sprintf( (char *)chBuff, "%s", ".");
   strTarIP += chBuff;
  }
 } 
 // 格式化MAC
 memset(chBuff, 0x00, sizeof(chBuff));
 for (int s = 0; s < 6; s++)
 {
  memset(chBuff, 0x00, sizeof(chBuff));
  sprintf( (char *)chBuff, "%02X", (unsigned char)arpRes.arphdr.__ar_sha[s]);
  strTarMAC += chBuff;
  if (s < 5)
  {
   memset(chBuff, 0x00, sizeof(chBuff));
   sprintf( (char *)chBuff, "%s", COMPART_MAC);
   strTarMAC += chBuff;
  }
 }
 // 输出目的IP，目的MAC  
 printf("应答IP[%s] 对应的MAC[%s]/n", strTarIP.c_str(), strTarMAC.c_str());
 printf("/n--------------------------------/n/n");
 close(sockfd); 
 // 返回被请求的MAC 
 return strTarMAC; 
 /* return */
}
    
    
// 填充MAC   
void set_hw_addr (char buf[], char *str)
{
              int i;
              char c, val;
              for(i = 0; i < 6; i++)
              {
                      if (!(c = tolower(*str++)))
                              perror("Invalid hardware address"),exit(1);
                     if (isdigit(c))
                             val = c - '0';
                     else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
                             val = c-'a'+10;
                     else
                             perror("Invalid hardware address"),exit(1);
                     buf[i] = val << 4;
                     if (!(c = tolower(*str++)))
                             perror("Invalid hardware address"),exit(1);
                     if (isdigit(c))
                             val = c - '0';
                     else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
                             val = c-'a'+10;
                     else
                             perror("Invalid hardware address"),exit(1);
                     buf[i] |= val;
                     if (*str == ':')
                             str++;
             }
}
 

// 填充IP
void set_ip_addr(char *buf, char *str)
{
  struct in_addr addr;
  memset(&addr, 0x00, sizeof(addr));
  addr.s_addr = inet_addr(str);  
  memcpy(buf, &addr, 4);
}

//-------------------------------------------------------

// end file

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# makefile

bin = get_mac
objets = main.o
rubbish = $(objets) $(bin)

$(bin) : main.o
 g++ -o $(bin) main.o

main.o : main.cpp all.h
 g++ -c main.cpp

.PHONY : clean
clean :
 -rm $(rubbish) 

# end makefile

/******************************************************************************/

/* 时光飞快流逝,2005年写的代码, 2005年是我工作2年后。7年后又可以重用, 我重新修改成C代码。*/

Useage: ./lan_mac_scan [interface name of the IP] [IP] [ARP IP]

#./lan_mac_scan 本地网卡名字 本地网卡的IP地址 检查是否使用的IP地址
例如：
#./lan_mac_scan eth0 172.22.0.26 172.22.0.25

注意事项：
1. Unix类操作系统的内核已支持packet socket。
2. 需要root权限。
3. 只能在LAN中使用，ARP包不能跨越router，除非router上有ARP proxy.
4. 如果本地机器或者远程机器安装有firewall，ARP包会被过滤而失效。